Colonial America Flashcards
What were Spain’s motivations for colonization?
Expand empire, wealth, Christianity
Where did Spain establish early settlements?
Caribbean, Florida, Southwest, California
What was a key feature of Spanish colonization?
Missions and presidios
What was the encomienda system?
Exploitation of Indigenous labor
When was St. Augustine established?
1565
When was Santa Fe established?
1610
What was France’s main focus in North America?
Trade, especially fur trade
Where did the French settle in North America?
Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi River
When was Quebec settled by the French?
1608
What year was New Orleans settled?
1718
Who did the French develop trade alliances with?
Indigenous tribes, like the Huron
What did the French colonial model rely on?
Trade, less settlement
What motivated English settlements?
Economic opportunities, religious freedom
Where did the English establish colonies?
Atlantic coast
When was Jamestown established?
1607
What was the first permanent English settlement?
Jamestown
What challenges did Jamestown face?
Famine, disease, conflict
What year was Plymouth settled?
1620
Who settled Plymouth?
Pilgrims
What was the Mayflower Compact?
Self-governance
What year was the Massachusetts Bay Colony established?
1630
Who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Puritans
What major aspects did the Massachusetts Bay Colony become known for?
Trade, religion
What often resulted from colonization?
Displacement, conflict
What was a key economy in New England?
Trade, shipping, fishing
What was a key economy in the Middle Colonies?
Agriculture
What was established by the Dutch in 1624?
New Netherland
What was the capital of New Netherland?
New Amsterdam
What trade did the Dutch focus on?
Fur trade
What did the English rename New Netherland in 1664?
New York
When did Swedish settlements occur along the Delaware River?
1638-1655
Who is known for introducing the log cabin to America?
The Swedes
Who conquered the Swedes in 1655?
The Dutch
What did early encounters with Indigenous peoples often involve?
Trade
What were the Europeans seeking in trade with Indigenous peoples?
Furs, food, guidance
What did Indigenous peoples acquire in trade with Europeans?
Metal tools, guns, textiles
Which trade became a significant economic driver?
The fur trade
Which European powers formed alliances with Indigenous tribes?
The French
Name one conflict involving English colonization and Indigenous peoples.
Powhatan Wars
Name one conflict involving Spanish colonization and Indigenous peoples.
Various conflicts in Southwest
What diseases devastated Indigenous populations?
Smallpox, measles, influenza
What was the consequence of Indigenous peoples having no immunity?
Catastrophic population declines
What led to the displacement of Indigenous communities?
European expansion and land desire
What were the consequences of land disputes?
Violent confrontations
Notable conflicts in New England
Pequot War and King Philip’s War
Years of the Pequot War
1636-1638
Years of King Philip’s War
1675-1676
Impact of European settlement on Indigenous
Cultural Displacement
Effects of European settlement
Disrupted traditional ways of life
What colonies are included in the New England Colonies?
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
What was the economy of the New England Colonies based on?
Shipbuilding, fishing, lumber, trade
What values did the society of New England Colonies emphasize?
Puritan values, education, community
Which colonies are categorized as the Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Why are the Middle Colonies known as ‘breadbasket’ colonies?
Production of wheat and grains
What characterized the diversity in the Middle Colonies?
Religion, ethnicity, culture
What significant populations were present in the Middle Colonies?
Quakers, Catholics, European immigrants
Which states were included in the Southern Colonies?
Maryland, Virginia, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Georgia
What did the economy of the Southern Colonies rely on?
Plantation agriculture
What were the cash crops produced in the Southern Colonies?
Tobacco, rice, indigo
Who formed the labor base in the Southern Colonies?
Enslaved Africans
What was the social structure of the Southern Colonies?
Hierarchical
What was a form of self-governance in Virginia?
Virginia House of Burgesses
What document set a precedent for democratic governance in 1620?
Mayflower Compact
What was the degree of self-rule in many colonies?
Varied
What policy allowed colonies freedom in economic matters?
Salutary Neglect
What did Salutary Neglect contribute to?
Colonial economies and identities
What economic system viewed colonies as sources of raw materials?
Mercantilism
What did colonies provide in a mercantilist economy?
Raw materials and markets
What did the Navigation Acts restrict?
Colonial trade
What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?
Benefit England
What did the Triangular Trade involve?
Goods, enslaved people, raw materials
Where was the transatlantic slave trade central?
Southern colonies
Who provided labor on plantations in the Southern colonies?
Enslaved Africans
Which colony promoted religious tolerance?
Pennsylvania
Who founded Rhode Island promoting religious tolerance?
Roger Williams
Which colony was less tolerant towards dissenters?
Massachusetts
What was emphasized in New England due to Puritan beliefs?
Education and Literacy
What was established in 1636 in New England?
Harvard
How did the Middle and Southern colonies approach education?
Private tutors or elite schools
