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Praxis > Colonial America > Flashcards

Colonial America Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Spain’s motivations for colonization?

A

Expand empire, wealth, Christianity

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2
Q

Where did Spain establish early settlements?

A

Caribbean, Florida, Southwest, California

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3
Q

What was a key feature of Spanish colonization?

A

Missions and presidios

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4
Q

What was the encomienda system?

A

Exploitation of Indigenous labor

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5
Q

When was St. Augustine established?

A

1565

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6
Q

When was Santa Fe established?

A

1610

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7
Q

What was France’s main focus in North America?

A

Trade, especially fur trade

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8
Q

Where did the French settle in North America?

A

Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi River

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9
Q

When was Quebec settled by the French?

A

1608

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10
Q

What year was New Orleans settled?

A

1718

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11
Q

Who did the French develop trade alliances with?

A

Indigenous tribes, like the Huron

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12
Q

What did the French colonial model rely on?

A

Trade, less settlement

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13
Q

What motivated English settlements?

A

Economic opportunities, religious freedom

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14
Q

Where did the English establish colonies?

A

Atlantic coast

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15
Q

When was Jamestown established?

A

1607

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16
Q

What was the first permanent English settlement?

A

Jamestown

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17
Q

What challenges did Jamestown face?

A

Famine, disease, conflict

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18
Q

What year was Plymouth settled?

A

1620

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19
Q

Who settled Plymouth?

A

Pilgrims

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20
Q

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A

Self-governance

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21
Q

What year was the Massachusetts Bay Colony established?

A

1630

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22
Q

Who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A

Puritans

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23
Q

What major aspects did the Massachusetts Bay Colony become known for?

A

Trade, religion

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24
Q

What often resulted from colonization?

A

Displacement, conflict

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25
Q

What was a key economy in New England?

A

Trade, shipping, fishing

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26
Q

What was a key economy in the Middle Colonies?

A

Agriculture

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27
Q

What was established by the Dutch in 1624?

A

New Netherland

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28
Q

What was the capital of New Netherland?

A

New Amsterdam

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29
Q

What trade did the Dutch focus on?

A

Fur trade

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30
Q

What did the English rename New Netherland in 1664?

A

New York

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31
Q

When did Swedish settlements occur along the Delaware River?

A

1638-1655

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32
Q

Who is known for introducing the log cabin to America?

A

The Swedes

33
Q

Who conquered the Swedes in 1655?

A

The Dutch

34
Q

What did early encounters with Indigenous peoples often involve?

A

Trade

35
Q

What were the Europeans seeking in trade with Indigenous peoples?

A

Furs, food, guidance

36
Q

What did Indigenous peoples acquire in trade with Europeans?

A

Metal tools, guns, textiles

37
Q

Which trade became a significant economic driver?

A

The fur trade

38
Q

Which European powers formed alliances with Indigenous tribes?

A

The French

39
Q

Name one conflict involving English colonization and Indigenous peoples.

A

Powhatan Wars

40
Q

Name one conflict involving Spanish colonization and Indigenous peoples.

A

Various conflicts in Southwest

41
Q

What diseases devastated Indigenous populations?

A

Smallpox, measles, influenza

42
Q

What was the consequence of Indigenous peoples having no immunity?

A

Catastrophic population declines

43
Q

What led to the displacement of Indigenous communities?

A

European expansion and land desire

44
Q

What were the consequences of land disputes?

A

Violent confrontations

45
Q

Notable conflicts in New England

A

Pequot War and King Philip’s War

46
Q

Years of the Pequot War

A

1636-1638

47
Q

Years of King Philip’s War

A

1675-1676

48
Q

Impact of European settlement on Indigenous

A

Cultural Displacement

49
Q

Effects of European settlement

A

Disrupted traditional ways of life

50
Q

What colonies are included in the New England Colonies?

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

51
Q

What was the economy of the New England Colonies based on?

A

Shipbuilding, fishing, lumber, trade

52
Q

What values did the society of New England Colonies emphasize?

A

Puritan values, education, community

53
Q

Which colonies are categorized as the Middle Colonies?

A

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

54
Q

Why are the Middle Colonies known as ‘breadbasket’ colonies?

A

Production of wheat and grains

55
Q

What characterized the diversity in the Middle Colonies?

A

Religion, ethnicity, culture

56
Q

What significant populations were present in the Middle Colonies?

A

Quakers, Catholics, European immigrants

57
Q

Which states were included in the Southern Colonies?

A

Maryland, Virginia, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Georgia

58
Q

What did the economy of the Southern Colonies rely on?

A

Plantation agriculture

59
Q

What were the cash crops produced in the Southern Colonies?

A

Tobacco, rice, indigo

60
Q

Who formed the labor base in the Southern Colonies?

A

Enslaved Africans

61
Q

What was the social structure of the Southern Colonies?

A

Hierarchical

62
Q

What was a form of self-governance in Virginia?

A

Virginia House of Burgesses

63
Q

What document set a precedent for democratic governance in 1620?

A

Mayflower Compact

64
Q

What was the degree of self-rule in many colonies?

A

Varied

65
Q

What policy allowed colonies freedom in economic matters?

A

Salutary Neglect

66
Q

What did Salutary Neglect contribute to?

A

Colonial economies and identities

67
Q

What economic system viewed colonies as sources of raw materials?

A

Mercantilism

68
Q

What did colonies provide in a mercantilist economy?

A

Raw materials and markets

69
Q

What did the Navigation Acts restrict?

A

Colonial trade

70
Q

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

A

Benefit England

71
Q

What did the Triangular Trade involve?

A

Goods, enslaved people, raw materials

72
Q

Where was the transatlantic slave trade central?

A

Southern colonies

73
Q

Who provided labor on plantations in the Southern colonies?

A

Enslaved Africans

74
Q

Which colony promoted religious tolerance?

A

Pennsylvania

75
Q

Who founded Rhode Island promoting religious tolerance?

A

Roger Williams

76
Q

Which colony was less tolerant towards dissenters?

A

Massachusetts

77
Q

What was emphasized in New England due to Puritan beliefs?

A

Education and Literacy

78
Q

What was established in 1636 in New England?

A

Harvard

79
Q

How did the Middle and Southern colonies approach education?

A

Private tutors or elite schools

Praxis (10 decks)

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