Mid-term spotter Flashcards
1
Q
What muscles are involved in shoulder abduction?
A
- Deltoid (middle)
- Supraspinatus
2
Q
What muscles are involved in shoulder adduction?
A
- Pec major (sternal head)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Coracobrachialis
- Teres major
- Subscapularis
- Triceps brachii
3
Q
What muscles are involved in shoulder extension?
A
- Deltoid (posterior)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Trapezius (upper)
- Triceps brachii
4
Q
What muscles are involved in shoulder flexion?
A
- Pec major (clavicular head)
- Deltoid (anterior)
- Corachobrachialis
5
Q
What muscles are involved in medial rotation of shoulder?
A
- Subscapularis
- Deltoid (anterior)
- Pec major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
6
Q
What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of shoulder?
A
- Infraspinatus
- Deltoid (posterior)
- Teres minor
- Trapezius (lower)
7
Q
What muscles are involved in extension of elbow?
A
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
8
Q
What muscles are involved in flexion of elbow?
A
- Brachialis
- Biceps brachii
- Pronator teres
- Brachioradialis
9
Q
What muscles are involved in elbow and wrist pronation?
A
- Pronator quadratus
- Pronator teres
- Brachioradialis
- Flexor carpi
- Anconeus
10
Q
What muscles are involved in elbow and wrist supination?
A
- Supinator
- Biceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis longus
11
Q
What muscles are involved in wrist abduction?
A
- Carpi radialis
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis longus
12
Q
What muscles are involved in wrist adduction?
A
- Carpi ulnaris
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi - Extensor pollicis longus
13
Q
What muscles are involved in wrist flexion?
A
- Flexors (except pollicis & digiti minimi)
- Palmaris longus
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis longus
14
Q
What muscles are involved in wrist extension?
A
- Extensor carpi
- Anconeus
15
Q
What muscles are involved in finger abduction?
A
- Dorsal interossei
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Abductor digiti minimi
16
Q
What muscles are involved in finger adduction?
A
- Palmar interossei
- Adductor pollicis
17
Q
What muscles are involved in finger extension?
A
- Extensors (except carpis)
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Palmar interossei (IP)
- Dorsal interossei (IP)
- Lumbricals (IP)
18
Q
What muscles are involved in finger flexion?
A
- Flexor pollicis
- Flexor digitorum
- Lumbricals (MCP)
- Palmar interossei (MCP)
- Dorsal interossei (MCP
19
Q
What muscles are involved in medial rotation of fingers?
A
- Opponens pollicis
20
Q
What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of fingers?
A
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Opponens digiti minimi
21
Q
Classify the sternoclavicular joint and give its degree of freedom.
A
- Atypical synovial saddle joint
- 3°
22
Q
Classify the acromioclavicular joint and give its degree of freedom.
A
- Atypical synovial plane joint
- 1°
23
Q
Classify the glenohumeral joint and give its degree of freedom.
A
- Typical synovial ball & socket joint
- 3°
24
Q
Classify the elbow joint and give its degree of freedom.
A
- Typical synovial hinge joint
- 1°
25
Classify the proximal radioulnar joint and give its degree of freedom.
- Typical pivot joint
- 1°
26
Classify the distal radioulnar joint and give its degree of freedom.
- Typical pivot joint
- 1°
27
Classify the radiocarpal joint and give its degree of freedom.
- Typical synovial ellipsoid joint
- 2°
28
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of arm?
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
29
What is the blood supply for the anterior compartment of arm?
Brachial artery
30
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of arm?
- triceps brachii
- anconeus
31
What is the blood supply for the posterior compartment of arm?
Deep brachial artery
32
What are the superficial muscles in the anterior compartment of forearm?
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
33
What are the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of forearm?
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
34
What are the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of forearm?
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor indicis
- Supinator
35
What innervates the posterior compartment of arm?
Radial nerve
36
What innervates the anterior compartment of arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
37
What innervates most of the anterior compartment of forearm?
Median nerve
38
What innervates the posterior compartment of forearm?
Radial nerve
39
What are the exceptions to the innervation of the anterior compartment of forearm by the median nerve?
Medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles
40
What are the exceptions to the innervation of the anterior compartment of forearm by the median nerve?
- Medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus - ulnar nerve
- Flexor carpi ulnaris muscles - muscular branches of ulnar nerve
41
What is a Smith's fracture?
A complete INWARD fracture of the radius
42
What muscles adduct the humerus?
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Triceps
- Coracobrachialis
43
What muscles abduct the humerus?
- Supraspinatus
- Deltoid
- Trapezius
- Serratus anterior
44
What muscles laterally rotates the humerus?
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
45
What muscles laterally rotates the humerus?
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
46
What muscles medially rotates the humerus?
- Subscapularis
- Teres major
47
What muscles cause radial deviation?
- Flexor Carpi Radialis.
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus.
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis.
48
What muscles cause ulnar deviation?
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris.
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris.
49
50
Biceps brachii long head origin
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
51
Biceps brachii long head insertion
Radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
52
Biceps brachii long head innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve
53
Biceps brachii long head blood supply
Muscular branches of brachial artery
54
Biceps brachii long head actions
Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow
55
Biceps brachii short head origin
Coracoid process of scapula
56
Biceps brachii short head insertion
Radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
57
Biceps brachii short head innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve
58
Biceps brachii short head blood supply
Muscular branches of brachial artery
59
Biceps brachii short head actions
Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow
60
Brachialis origin
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
61
Brachialis insertion
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
62
Brachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve
63
Brachialis blood supply
Radial recurrent artery, muscular branches of brachial artery
64
Brachialis actions
Flexes forearm at elbow
65
Brachioradialis origin
Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
66
Brachioradialis insertion
Lateral side of distal end of radius
67
Brachioradialis innervation
Radial nerve
68
Brachioradialis blood supply
Radial recurrent artery
69
Brachioradialis actions
Weak flexion of forearm when forearm is midpronated
70
Coracobrachialis origin
Coracoid process of scapula
71
Coracobrachialis insertion
Middle third of medial surface of humerus
72
Coracobrachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve
73
Coracobrachialis blood supply
Muscular branches of brachial artery
74
Coracobrachialis actions
Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
75
Deltoid origin
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
76
Deltoid insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
77
Deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve
78
Deltoid blood supply
Posterior circumflex humeral artery, deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
79
Deltoid actions
shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
80
Trapezius origin
External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of the back of the skull – ligamentum nuchae – spine processes of all
thoracic vertebra T1 to T12
81
Trapezius insertion
upper - clavicle and acromion of scapula;
middle - spine of scapula;
lower - base of the spine of scapula
82
Trapezius blood supply
- The transverse cervical artery
- The dorsal scapular artery,
- The posterior intercostal arterial branches.
83
Trapezius innervation
Spinal part of the accessory nerve
84
Trapezius actions
Elevates, retracts, rotates the scapula
85
Latissimus dorsi origin
T7 to L5 spinous processes – thoracolumbar fascia –
posterior superior iliac spine and posterior iliac crest
86
Latissimus dorsi insertion
The floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
87
Latissimus dorsi blood supply
Thoracodorsal artery
88
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve
89
Latissimus dorsi actions
Adducts and medially rotates the humerus – raises the trunk – powerful extensor of the humerus from the flexed position
90
Rhomboid major and minor origin
Spines of upper six thoracic vertebra
91
Rhomboid major and minor insertion
Dorsal surface of medial border of scapula rhomboid minor above and major below
92
Rhomboid major and minor actions
Elevates / retracts the scapula
93
Rhomboid major and minor nerve supply
Dorsal scapular nerve
94
Rhomboid major and minor blood supply
Dorsal scapular artery
95
Levator scapulae origin
3 to 4 slips passing from transverse tubercles C1-C4
96
Levator scapulae insertion
Superior angle of scapula
97
Levator scapulae innervation
Direct branches from cervical plexus C3, C4
98
Levator scapulae actions
Elevates the scapula
99
Levator scapulae blood supply
Dorsal scapular artery
100
Teres major origin
Inferior angle dorsal surface of scapula
101
Teres major insertion
Medial lip intertubercular groove humerus
102
Teres major innervation
Lower subscapular nerve C6, C7
103
Teres major blood supply
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
104
Teres major actions
Adduction & medial rotation of the humerus
105
Teres minor origin
Lateral border of the scapula
106
Teres minor innervation
Axillary nerve
107
Teres minor insertion
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus
108
Teres minor blood supply
Subscapular and circumflex scapular artery
109
Teres minor actions
Adduction and lateral rotation of humerus
110
Supraspinatus origin
Supraspinous fossa scapula
111
Supraspinatus insertion
Upper facet greater tubercle of humerus
112
Supraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve (upper trunk)
113
Supraspinatus blood supply
Suprascapular artery
114
Supraspinatus actions
Initiation of abduction + part of ‘rotator cuff’
115
Infraspinatus origin
Infraspinous fossa
116
Infraspinatus insertion
Middle facet greater tubercle of humerus
117
Infraspinatus blood supply
- Suprascapular
- Circumflex scapular arteries.
118
Infraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve (upper trunk BP)
119
Infraspinatus actions
Lateral rotation of arm, + part of ‘rotator cuff’ group
120
Subscapularis origin
Subscapular fossa
121
Subscapularis insertion
Lesser tubercle of Humerus
122
Subscapularis innervation
Upper & lower subscapular nerves C5, C6, C7
123
Subscapularis blood supply
- Subscapular
- Suprascapular
- Circumflex scapular arteries
124
Subscapularis actions
Medial rotation & adduction of humerus / + part of ‘rotator cuff’
125
Triceps brachii long head origin
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
126
Triceps brachii long head insertion
Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna
127
Triceps brachii long head innervation
Radial nerve
128
Triceps brachii long head blood supply
Branch of profunda brachii artery
129
Triceps brachii long head actions
Extension and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.
130
Triceps brachii lateral head origin
Upper half of posterior humerus
131
Triceps brachii lateral head insertion
Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna
132
Triceps long head innervation
Radial nerve
133
Triceps brachii lateral head blood supply
Branch of profunda brachii artery
134
Triceps brachii lateral head actions
Extends forearm at elbow
135
Triceps brachii medial head origin
136
Triceps brachii medial head insertion
Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna
137
Triceps brachii medial head innervation
Radial nerve
138
Triceps brachii medial head blood supply
Branch of profunda brachii artery
139
Triceps brachii medial head actions
Extends forearm at elbow
140
Abductor digiti minimi origin
Pisiform bone and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
141
Abductor digiti minimi insertion
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
142
Abductor digiti minimi innervation
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
143
Abductor digiti minimi blood supply
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
144
Abductor digiti minimi actions
Abducts little finger
145
Abductor pollicis brevis origin
Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium bones
146
Abductor pollicis brevis insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
147
Abductor pollicis brevis innervation
Median nerve (recurrent branch)
148
Abductor pollicis brevis blood supply
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
149
Abductor pollicis brevis action
Abducts thumb
150
Abductor pollicis longus origin
Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
151
Abductor pollicis longus insertion
Base of 1st metacarpal
152
Abductor pollicis longus innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
153
Abductor pollicis longus blood suppy
Posterior interosseous artery
154
Abductor pollicis longus actions
Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
155
Adductor pollicis origin oblique head
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate bone and adjacent bones
156
Adductor pollicis insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
157
Adductor pollicis innervation
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
158
Adductor pollicis blood supply
Deep palmar arch
159
Adductor pollicis actions
Adducts thumb
160
Adductor pollicis origin trasnverse head
Anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal
161
Anconeus origin
Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
162
Anconeus insertion
Lateral surface of olecranon and posterior proximal ulna
163
Anconeus innervation
Radial nerve
164
Anconeus blood supply
Deep brachial artery
165
Anconeus actinos
Assists triceps brachii in extending elbow, abducts ulna in pronation
166
Dorsal interosseous muscles origin
Sides of two adjacent metacarpal bones
167
Dorsal interosseous muscles insertion
Base of proximal phalangeal bones, extensor expansion of digits 2–4
168
Dorsal interosseous muscles innervation
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
169
Dorsal interosseous muscles blood supply
Deep palmar arch
170
Dorsal interosseous muscles actions
Abduct digits; flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints
171
Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
172
Extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion
Base of 3rd metacarpal and slip to 2nd metacarpal
173
Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
Radial nerve (deep branch)
174
Extensor carpi radialis brevis blood supply
Radial artery, radial recurrent artery
175
Extensor carpi radialis brevis actions
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
176
Extensor carpi radialis longus origin
Distal third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
177
Extensor carpi radialis longus insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal and slip to 3rd metacarpal
178
Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
Radial nerve
179
Extensor carpi radialis longus blood supply
Radial artery, radial recurrent artery
180
Extensor carpi radialis longus actions
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
181
Extensor carpi ulnaris origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
182
Extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
Base of 5th metacarpal
183
Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
184
Extensor carpi ulnaris blood supply
Posterior interosseous artery
185
Extensor carpi ulnaris actions
Extends and adducts hand at wrist
186
Extensor digiti minimi origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
187
Extensor digiti minimi insertion
Extensor expansion of 5th digit
188
Extensor digiti minimi innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
189
Extensor digiti minimi blood supply
Posterior interosseous artery
190
Extensor digiti minimi actions
Extends 5th digit
191
Extensor digitorum origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
192
Extensor digitorum insertion
Extensor expansions of medial four digits
193
Extensor digitorum innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
194
Extensor digitorum blood supply
Posterior interosseous artery
195
Extensor digitorum actions
Extends medial four digits, assists in wrist extension
196
Extensor indicis origin
Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
197
Extensor indicis insertion
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
198
Extensor indicis innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
199
Extensor indicis blood supply
Posterior interosseous artery
200
Extensor indicis actions
Extends 2nd digit and helps extend hand at wrist
201
Extensor pollicis brevis origin
Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
202
Extensor pollicis brevis insertion
Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb
203
Extensor pollicis brevis innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
204
Extensor pollicis brevis blood supply
Posterior interosseous artery
205
Extensor pollicis brevis actions
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint
206
Extensor pollicis longus origin
Posterior surface of middle third of ulna, interosseous membrane
207
Extensor pollicis longus insertion
Dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb
208
Extensor pollicis longus innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
209
Extensor pollicis longus blood supply
Posterior interosseous artery
210
Extensor pollicis longus actions
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints
211
Flexor carpi radialis origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus
212
Flexor carpi radialis insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal
213
Flexor carpi radialis innervation
Median nerve
214
Flexor carpi radialis blood supply
Radial artery
215
Flexor carpi radialis actions
Flexes and abducts hand at wrist
216
Flexor carpi ulnaris superficial head origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus
217
Flexor carpi ulnaris deep head origin
Olecranon and posterior border of ulna
218
Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
Pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, base of 5th metacarpal
219
Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
Ulnar nerve
220
Flexor carpi ulnaris blood supply
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
221
Flexor carpi ulnaris actions
Flexes and adducts hand at wrist
222
Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone
223
Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
224
Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
225
Flexor digiti minimi brevis blood supply
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
226
Flexor digiti minimi brevis actions
Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger
227
Flexor digitorum profundus origin
Medial and anterior surface of proximal 3/4 of ulna and interosseous membrane
228
Flexor digitorum profundus insertion
Palmar base of distal phalangeal bones of medial four digits
229
Flexor digitorum profundus innervation
Medial part: ulnar nerve
Lateral part: median nerve
230
Flexor digitorum profundus blood supply
Anterior interosseous artery, muscular branches of ulnar artery
231
Flexor digitorum profundus actions
Flexes distal phalangeal bones of medial four digits, assists with flexion of hand at wrist
232
Flexor digitorum superficialis humeroulnar head
Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid, process of ulna, ulnar collateral ligament
233
Flexor digitorum superficialis radial head
Superior half of anterior radius
234
Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
Bodies of middle phalangeal bones of medial four digits
235
Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
Median nerve
236
Flexor digitorum superficialis blood supply
Ulnar and radial arteries
237
Flexor digitorum superficialis actions
Flexes middle and proximal phalangeal bones of medial four digits, flexes hand at wrist
238
Flexor pollicis brevis origin
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium bone
239
Flexor pollicis brevis insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
240
Flexor pollicis brevis innervation
Median nerve (recurrent branch)
241
Flexor pollicis brevis blood supply
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
242
Flexor pollicis brevis actions
Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
243
Flexor pollicis longus origin
Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
244
Flexor pollicis longus insertion
Palmar base of distal phalanx of thumb
245
Flexor pollicis longus innervation
Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
246
Flexor pollicis longus blood supply
Anterior interosseous artery
247
Flexor pollicis longus actions
Flexes phalangeal bones of thumb
248
Palmaris longus origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus
249
Palmaris longus insertion
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
250
Palmaris longus innervation
Median nerve
251
Palmaris longus blood supply
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
252
Palmaris longus actions
Flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
253
Pectoralis major origin
Sternal half of clavicle, sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle
254
Pectoralis major insertion
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
255
Pectoralis major innervation
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
256
Pectoralis major blood supply
Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery, perforating branches of internal thoracic artery
257
Pectoralis major actions
Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
258
Pectoralis minor origin
Outer surface of upper margin of ribs 3–5
259
Pectoralis minor insertion
Coracoid process of scapula
260
Pectoralis minor innervatino
Medial pectoral nerve
261
Pectoralis minor blood supply
Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery, and superior and lateral thoracic arteries
262
Pectoralis minor actions
Lowers lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula
263
Pronator quadratus origin
Distal fourth of anterior ulna
264
Pronator quadratus insertion
Distal fourth of anterior radius
265
Pronator quadratus innervation
Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
266
Pronator quadratus blood supply
Anterior interosseous artery
267
Pronator quadratus actions
Pronates forearm
268
Pronator teres origin
Two heads: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
269
Pronator teres insertion
Midway along lateral surface of radius
270
Pronator teres innervation
Median nerve
271
Pronator teres blood supply
Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
272
Pronator teres actions
Pronates forearm and weakly flexes elbow
273
Serratus anterior origin
Lateral surfaces of upper 8–9 ribs
274
Serratus anterior insertion
Costal surface of medial border of scapula
275
Serratus anterior innervation
Long thoracic nerve
276
Serratus anterior blood supply
Lateral thoracic artery
277
Serratus anterior actions
Protracts and rotates scapula and holds it against thoracic wall
278
Subclavius origin
Upper border of 1st rib and its cartilage
279
Subclavius insertion
Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
280
Subclavius innveration
Nerve to subclavius
281
Subclavius blood supply
Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery
282
Subclavius actions
Anchors and depresses clavicle
283
Supinator origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, and crest of ulna
284
Supinator insertion
Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
285
Supinator innervation
Radial nerve (deep branch)
286
Supinator blood supply
Radial recurrent artery, posterior interosseous arteries
287
Supinator actions
Supinates forearm
