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Anatomy > L5 > Flashcards

L5 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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2
Q

How many planes of movement does the elbow have?

A

It’s uniaxial - one plane - flexion and extension

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3
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the elbow joint?

A
  • Radius
  • Humerus
  • Ulna
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4
Q

What are the stabilising factors of the elbow joint?

A
  • The ulnar collateral ligament
  • Radial collateral ligament
  • Annular ligament.
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5
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from?

A

The lateral cord

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6
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?

A

Coracobrachialis muscle

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7
Q

Where do points where superficial veins pierce deep fascia enter?

A

Deep veins

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8
Q

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Pronator teres

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9
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachioradialis

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10
Q

What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Line between epicondyles

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11
Q

What are the deep contents of cubital fossa?

A
  • Radial nerve (deep & superficial branches)
  • Tendon of biceps brachii
  • Brachial artery
  • Median nerve
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12
Q

What are the superficial contents of cubital fossa?

A
  • Cephalic vein
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
  • Basilic vein
  • Median cubital vein
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13
Q

What are the three articular surfaces of the elbow?

A
  • Humero-ulnar articulation
  • Humero-radial articulation
  • Proximal radioulnar joint
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14
Q

Details of humero-ulnar articulation

A

Trochlea of humerus with trochlea notch of ulna

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15
Q

Details of humero-radial articulation

A

Capitulum of humerus with head of radius

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16
Q

Details of proximal radioulnar joint

A

Head of radius articulares with the radial notch of the ulna

17
Q

What are most hinge joints inforced by?

A

Strong collateral ligaments

18
Q

Where does the articular capsule of the elbow project?

A

Upwards

19
Q

Why does the articular capsule of the elbow project upwards?

A

To enclose the radial and coronoid fossae anteriorly and the olecranon fossa posteriorly.

20
Q

Where does the articular capsule pass inferiorly onto and why?

A

The neck of the radius to enclose the proximal radioulnar joint

21
Q

Is the articular capsule of the elbow strong anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

No needs strong collateral ligament support

22
Q

What do fat pads function as?

A

Protective pads

23
Q

What does pressure on a fat pad cause?

A

It initiates reflex contraction of antagonist muscles preventing joint damage

24
Q

What are the intra-capsular features of the elbow?

A
  • Hyaline cartilage and synovium
  • Fat pads of the olecranon
  • Radial and coronoid fossa
  • (some include annular ligament)
25
Q

Are fat pads extra-synovial?

A

Yes

26
Q

What happens to the deeper fibres of strong collateral ligaments?

A

They blend with capsule

27
Q

What can the deeper fibres of strong collateral ligaments that blend with capsule be considered?

A

Intrinsic

28
Q

What changes during flexion extension of the elbow?

A

Contact surfaces in the trochlea

29
Q

Flexion degree of movement in elbow

A

150º

30
Q

What is flexion in the elbow enhanced by?

A

Capitulum and trochlea position

31
Q

What is flexion in the elbow limited by?

A

By fit of olecranon into olecranon fossa and fat pad - also sometimes by congenital bone deformity or tightness in anterior structures

32
Q

What is the most stable position for the elbow joint?

A

In position of function of hand

33
Q

How can fracture dislocations be complicated?

A

By major haemorrhage

34
Q

Where is the arterial supply to the elbow joint from?

A

The cubital anastomosis

35
Q

What does the cubital anastomosis include?

A

Recurrent and collateral branches from the brachial and deep brachial arteries

36
Q

What provides the nerve supply for the joint?

A

By the median, musculocutaneous and radial nerves anteriorly and ulnar nerve posteriorly.

37
Q

What are the muscles responsible for the extension of the elbow?

A
  • Triceps brachii

- Anconeus

38
Q

What are the muscles responsible for the flexion of the elbow?

A
  • Brachialis
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachioradialis
39
Q

Does pronation and supination occur at the elbow? If not, where?

A

No, produced at nearly radioulnar joints.

Anatomy (23 decks)

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