L2 COPY Flashcards
What is the site of attachment of the nuchal ligament?
External occipital protuberance and nuchal groove
What is the nape of the neck formed by?
The upper border of trapezius
What spinous process is the superior angle of the scapula opposite to ?
T2 spinous process
What spinous process is the spine of the scapula
normally at?
The level of T3 spine
What spinous process is the inferior angle opposite?
T7 to T8
What are the four muscles passing from the trunk or axial skeleton to scapula?
Trapezius, rhomboids and levator scapulae
Name one muscle passing directly to the humerus, with a minor attachment to the scapula
Latissimus dorsi
What are the only two scapular region muscles that are not supplied by branches of the brachial plexus?
Levator scapulae and trapezius
Name a powerful adductor of the humerus that works with pectoralis major in power adduction of humerus or raising the trunk as in climbing if humerus fixed.
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid origin
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Deltoid insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve
Deltoid blood supply
Posterior circumflex humeral artery, deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
Deltoid actions
shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
Trapezius origin
External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of the back of the skull – ligamentum nuchae – spine processes of all
thoracic vertebra T1 to T12
Trapezius insertion
upper - clavicle and acromion of scapula;
middle - spine of scapula;
lower - base of the spine of scapula
Trapezius blood supply
- The transverse cervical artery
- The dorsal scapular artery,
- The posterior intercostal arterial branches.
Trapezius innervation
Spinal part of the accessory nerve
Trapezius actions
Elevates, retracts, rotates the scapula
Latissimus dorsi origin
T7 to L5 spinous processes – thoracolumbar fascia –
posterior superior iliac spine and posterior iliac crest
Latissimus dorsi insertion
The floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Latissimus dorsi blood supply
Thoracodorsal artery
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve
Latissimus dorsi actions
Adducts and medially rotates the humerus – raises the trunk – powerful extensor of the humerus from the flexed position
Rhomboid major and minor origin
Spines of upper six thoracic vertebra
Rhomboid major and minor insertion
Dorsal surface of medial border of scapula rhomboid minor above and major below
Rhomboid major and minor actions
Elevates / retracts the scapula
Rhomboid major and minor nerve supply
Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid major and minor blood supply
Dorsal scapular artery
Levator scapulae origin
3 to 4 slips passing from transverse tubercles C1-C4
Levator scapulae insertion
Superior angle of scapula
Levator scapulae innervation
Direct branches from cervical plexus C3, C4
Levator scapulae actions
Elevates the scapula
Levator scapulae blood supply
Dorsal scapular artery
Teres major origin
Inferior angle dorsal surface of scapula
Teres major insertion
Medial lip intertubercular groove humerus
Teres major innervation
Lower subscapular nerve C6, C7
Teres major blood supply
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
Teres major actions
Adduction & medial rotation of the humerus
Teres minor origin
Lateral border of the scapula
Teres minor innervation
Axillary nerve
Teres minor insertion
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus
Teres minor blood supply
Subscapular and circumflex scapular artery
Teres minor actions
Adduction and lateral rotation of humerus
Supraspinatus origin
Supraspinous fossa scapula
Supraspinatus insertion
Upper facet greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve (upper trunk)
Supraspinatus blood supply
Suprascapular artery
Supraspinatus actions
Initiation of abduction + part of ‘rotator cuff’
Infraspinatus origin
Infraspinous fossa
Infraspinatus insertion
Middle facet greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus blood supply
- Suprascapular
- Circumflex scapular arteries.
Infraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve (upper trunk BP)
Infraspinatus actions
Lateral rotation of arm, + part of ‘rotator cuff’ group
Subscapularis origin
Subscapular fossa
Subscapularis insertion
Lesser tubercle of Humerus
Subscapularis innervation
Upper & lower subscapular nerves C5, C6, C7
Subscapularis blood supply
- Subscapular
- Suprascapular
- Circumflex scapular arteries
Subscapularis actions
Medial rotation & adduction of humerus / + part of ‘rotator cuff’