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A&P 2 > Mid Term (Chap 25-33) > Flashcards

Mid Term (Chap 25-33) Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical messengers act on nearly every body tissue

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

E

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2
Q

Effects are relatively brief and more localized

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

N

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3
Q

Effectors are mm, glands and nerve fibers

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

N

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4
Q

Chemical messengers are secreted by neurons

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

N

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5
Q

Secretes hormones into the bloodstream and interstitial spaces

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

E

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6
Q

Chemical messengers travel to distant target cells in the body

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

E

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7
Q

Effects are longer in duration and more widespread

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

E

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8
Q

One chemical messenger in this system is regulated by a (+) feedback loop

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

E

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9
Q

Effects of this system essentially impact all body tissues

“E” for endocrine system characteristics, “N” for nervous system characteristics

A

E

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10
Q

There is a decrease in number of hormone receptor sites on the target cell membrane

Matching:
A. Permissive
B. Synergistic
C. Tropic hormone
D. Antagonistic
E. Up-regulation
F. Down-regulation
A

F. Down-regulation

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11
Q

Causes release of another hormone

Matching:
A. Permissive
B. Synergistic
C. Tropic hormone
D. Antagonistic
E. Up-regulation
F. Down-regulation
A

C. Tropic hormone

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12
Q

Opposes the effect of another hormone

Matching:
A. Permissive
B. Synergistic
C. Tropic hormone
D. Antagonistic
E. Up-regulation
F. Down-regulation
A

D. Antagonistic

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13
Q

Facilitates a hormone to have a greater effect

Matching:
A. Permissive
B. Synergistic
C. Tropic hormone
D. Antagonistic
E. Up-regulation
F. Down-regulation
A

A. Permissive

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14
Q

There is an increase in number of hormone receptor sites on the target cell membrane

Matching:
A. Permissive
B. Synergistic
C. Tropic hormone
D. Antagonistic
E. Up-regulation
F. Down-regulation
A

E. Up-regulation

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15
Q

Effect that occurs when 2 hormones work together to complete a common function

Matching:
A. Permissive
B. Synergistic
C. Tropic hormone
D. Antagonistic
E. Up-regulation
F. Down-regulation
A

B. Synergistic

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16
Q

The order of blood flow through the vessels is:

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

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17
Q

All arteries of the systemic circulation branch from the:

A

aorta

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18
Q

As the external iliac artery enters the thigh, its name changes to the _____ artery

A

femoral

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19
Q

A vein that returns blood from the head is the:

A

jugular.

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20
Q

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:

A

lungs

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21
Q

Which statement is true of arteries?

a. They always carry oxygenated blood.
b. They always carry blood away from the heart.
c. They are the capacitance vessels of the body.
d. Both A and B are true of arteries.

A

B. They always carry blood away from the heart.

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22
Q

The most important blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are the

A

capillaries

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23
Q

The primary fluid flow principle of circulation is based on all of the following except a fluid:

a. flows only when its pressure is higher in one area than in another.
b. flows always from its higher-pressure area toward its lower-pressure area.
c. flows only when a pressure gradient is absent.
d. does not flow when the pressure is the same in all parts of it.

A

c. flows only when a pressure gradient is absent.

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24
Q

Which artery in the arm is used for measuring blood pressure?

A

Brachial

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25
Q

When you take a blood pressure reading, the first sound that you hear (top reading) is the:

A

systolic sound, indicating the contraction of the ventricles.

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26
Q

The pulse in the neck is felt over which artery?

A

Common carotid

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27
Q

The pulse in the wrist is felt over which artery?

A

Radial

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28
Q

A collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of the blood is the definition for:

A

hemodynamics.

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29
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Stimulation by the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.
b. Stimulation by the cardiac nerve slows the heart rate.
c. Parasympathetic stimulation occurs through the cardiac nerve.
d. Both B and C are true.

A

a. Stimulation by the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.

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30
Q

Peripheral resistance to blood flow comes about because of:

A

friction between the blood cells and vessel walls.

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31
Q

The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies are particularly sensitive to:

A

hypercapnia.

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32
Q

Which of the following tasks must the circulation control mechanism accomplish?

a. Maintain circulation.
b. Vary the volume and distribution of the blood circulated.
c. Make sure that all cells receive the same amount of blood to maintain nutrient and oxygen levels.
d. Both A and B are correct.

A

d. Both A and B are correct.
(a. Maintain circulation.
b. Vary the volume and distribution of the blood circulated.)

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33
Q

Which of the following is not a means by which venous blood is returned to the heart?

a. The semilunar valves in the vein
b. Respiration, which reduces pressure in the thorax and increases pressure in the abdomen
c. The contraction of skeletal muscles pushing blood through the veins
d. All the above are means by which venous blood returns to the heart.

A

d. All the above are means by which venous blood returns to the heart.
(a. The semilunar valves in the vein
b. Respiration, which reduces pressure in the thorax and increases pressure in the abdomen
c. The contraction of skeletal muscles pushing blood through the veins)

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34
Q

Circulatory shock caused by an acute allergic reaction is called _____ shock.

A

anaphylactic

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35
Q

The saclike structure around the heart is the:

a. pericardium.
b. epicardium.
c. endocardium.
d. myocardium.

A

a. pericardium.

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36
Q

Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?

a. Epicardium
b. Fibrous pericardium
c. Endocardium
d. Myocardium

A

a. Epicardium

37
Q

The thickest layer of tissue in the heart wall is the:

a. endocardium
b. pericardium.
c. epicardium.
d. myocardium.

A

d. myocardium.

38
Q

The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the:

a. AV node.
b. SA node.
c. cardiac plexuses.
d. Both A and B are correct.

A

b. SA node.

39
Q

Respectively, the right and left atrioventricular valves are also known as:

a. bicuspid, tricuspid.
b. bicuspid, mitral.
c. tricuspid, mitral.
d. mitral, bicuspid.

A

c. tricuspid, mitral.

40
Q

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:

a. lungs.
b. left atrium.
c. right atrium.
d. None of the above are correct.

A

a. lungs.

41
Q

If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium?

a. Bicuspid
b. Aortic semilunar
c. Pulmonary semilunar
d. Tricuspid

A

d. Tricuspid

42
Q 
Semilunar valves open into:
a. the aorta.
b, the pulmonary artery.
c. the ventricles of the heart.
d. both A and B.
A

d. both A and B.

a. the aorta & b. the pulmonary artery.

43
Q 
Blood from the superior vena cava enters which part of the heart?
a Right atrium
b. Right ventricle
c. Left atrium
d. Left ventricle
A

a Right atrium

44
Q 
If the AV node were forced to assume pacemaker activity, the resulting pulse rate would be \_\_\_\_\_ beats per minute.
a, 30 to 50
b. 20 to 40
c. 40 to 60
d. 10 to 30
A

c. 40 to 60

45
Q

The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is:

a. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinie fibers.
b. AV node, SA node, bundle of His, and Purkinie fibers.
c. AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.
d. SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.

A

a. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinie fibers.

46
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes what is measured by an electrocardiogram?
Number of contractions per minute
An abnormal functioning
c. Electrical conductivity
d. The speed and strength of contractions

A

c. Electrical conductivity

47
Q 
Heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary vein:
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

i Superior vena cava

48
Q 
Heart chamber that pushes blood through the right atrioventricular valve when
it contracts
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

j. Right atrium

49
Q 
Valve through which the left ventricle pumps blood
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

k Aortic semilunar valve

50
Q 
Blood vessel that empties into the right atrium
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

i Superior vena cava

51
Q 
Blood vessel into which the right ventricle pumps blood through a semilunar valve
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

c. Pulmonary artery

52
Q 
Blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

h. Pulmonary vein

53
Q 
Blood vessel into which the left ventricle pumps blood through a semilunar valve
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

f. Aorta

54
Q 
Valve that opens into the left ventricle
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

d. Left atrioventricular valve

55
Q 
Valve through which the right ventricle pumps blood
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

b. Pulmonary semilunar valve

56
Q 
Heart chamber that pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

e. Left ventricle

57
Q 
Valve that opens into the right ventricle
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

g. Right atrioventricular valve

58
Q 
Heart chamber that receives blood that has just passed through the right atrioventricular valve
a Right ventricle
b. Pulmonary semilunar valve
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Left atrioventricular valve
e. Left ventricle
f. Aorta
g. Right atrioventricular valve
h. Pulmonary vein
i Superior vena cava
j. Right atrium
k Aortic semilunar valve
l. Left atrium
A

a Right ventricle

59
Q

Late repolarization of the Purkinje fibers, larger with hypokalemia

a. T wave
b. QRS complex
c. P wave
d. U wave

A

d. U wave

60
Q

Ventricular depolarization

a. T wave
b. QRS complex
c. P wave
d. U wave

A

b. QRS complex

61
Q

Atrial depolarization

a. T wave
b. QRS complex
c. P wave
d. U wave

A

c. P wave

62
Q

Ventricular repolarization

a. T wave
b. QRS complex
c. P wave
d. U wave

A

a. T wave

63
Q

Which chamber of the heart normally has the thickest wall? Why is this thick wall helpful in accomplishing its function?

A

The left ventricle, which pumps blood through the whole body, has the thickest walls.

64
Q 
Prolactin affects:
a, the adrenal cortex.
b. body growth.
c. milk secretion.
d, skin color.
A

c. milk secretion.

65
Q 
The principal action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone is stimulating the:
a, secretion of growth hormone.
b. release of TSH.
c. release of FSH and LH
d. release of ACTH.
A

b. release of TSH.

66
Q 
The principal thyroid hormone is:
a. triodothyronine (T3).
b, calcitonin.
c, tetraiodothyronine (T4 or thyroxine).
d. PTH.
A

a. triodothyronine (T3).

67
Q

Calcitonin:
a, reveals thyroid functioning in the protein-bound iodine (BI) test.
b. raises blood calcium levels.
c. has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.
d. decreases calcium storage in bones.

A

c. has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.

68
Q

Which of the following depends on maintaining normal levels of calcium in the blood?

a. Blood clotting
b. Cell membrane
c. Neuromuscular excitability
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above
(a. Blood clotting
b. Cell membrane
c. Neuromuscular excitability)

69
Q

The hormone that causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts is:

a. progesterone.
b. estrogen.
c. prolactin.
d. oxytocin.

A

d. oxytocin.

70
Q

The gland that serves in both an exocrine and an endocrine capacity is the:

a. pancreas.
b. pituitary.
c. adrenal.
d. ovary.

A

a. pancreas.

71
Q

Which of the following is a function of glucagon?

a. Converts glucose into glycogen
b. Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations
c. Promotes the entry of glucose into tissue cells
d. Tends to decrease blood glucose concentrations

A

b. Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations

72
Q

Insulin and glucagon affect the body’s use of:

a. glucose.
b. potassium.
c. sodium.
d. Calcium.

A

a. glucose.

73
Q 
Human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) is produced by the:
a heart.
b. testes.
c. placenta.
d. ovaries
A

c. placenta.

74
Q

One of the few hormones that function on a positive-feedback loop is:

a. oxytocin
b. ADH
c. calcitronin
d. insulin

A

a. oxytocin

75
Q

Release of PTH in the body would cause a(n)

a. increase in blood calcium
b. decrease in blood phosphate
c. decrease in vitamin D production
d. all of the above

A

a. increase in blood calcium

76
Q

Which hormone is used by some people to keep themselves youthful or to boost athletic performance?

a. Prolactin (PRL)
b. oxytocin
c. human growth hormone (hGH)
d. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

c. human growth hormone (hGH)

77
Q

Which of the following is(are) involved in determining a person’s total blood volume?

a. Age
b. Body type
c. Sex
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

Age, Body type, Sex

78
Q

A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of:

a. leukemia.
b. leukocytosis.
c. anemia.
d. polycythemia.

A

d. polycythemia.

79
Q

Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes?

a. Erythrocyte
b. Leukocyte
c. Platelet
d. Neutrophil

A

a. Erythrocyte

80
Q 
Which of the following cell types can carry oxygen?
a Thrombocyte
b. Leukocyte
c. Platelet
d. Erythrocyte
A

d. Erythrocyte

81
Q 
Many types of blood cells are produced in the:
a spleen.
b. pancreas
c. liver.
d. red bone marrow.
A

d. red bone marrow.

82
Q 
Which types of white blood cells play a major role in immunity to infectious diseases?
a. Eosinophils
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
4 Basophils
A

b. Lymphocytes

83
Q

Which of the following are the most proficient at phagocytosis in the tissues?

a. Neutrophils and basophils
b. Neutrophils and monocytes
c. Lymphocytes and eosinophils
d. Basophils and monocytes

A

b. Neutrophils and monocytes

84
Q 
Thrombocytes are involved with:
a. transport of oxygen.
b, blood clotting.
c. transport of glucose.
d. body defense.
A

b, blood clotting.

85
Q

Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

a. Vitamin K
b. Heparin
c. Calcium ions
d. Thromboplastin

A

b. Heparin

86
Q 
The major ingredient in hemoglobin that allows oxygen to be transported is:
a. copper.
b. iron.
c zinc.
d. sodium
A

b. iron.

87
Q 
The function of blood is to:
a. carry food to the cells.
b, remove waste from the cells.
c. assist the body in temperature regulation.
d. do all of the above.
A

d. do all of the above.

carry food to the cells, remove waste from the cells, assist the body in temperature regulation.

88
Q

One hemoglobin molecule contains:

a. one molecule of heme.
b. one molecule of globin.
c. four iron atoms.
d. all of the above.

A

c. four iron atoms.

89
Q

Mrs. Washington’s blood type is O positive. Her husband’s type is O negative. Her newborn baby’s blood type is O negative. Does this
combination of blood types present any concerns related to future pregnancies Mrs. Washington may have? Explain your answer.

A

The mother
has no concem with her blood type with future pregnancies. If she was a negative blood type and the baby was a positive, there could be a
problem. This is because the mother with a negative blood type doesnt have the antigens that are in a positive blood ivoe. This would cause her body tt
start attacking the fetus, and could lead to fetal death.

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