Mid Term 2 section 1

Question 1

Language Acquisition

Answer 1

socialization to language

Question 2

Language Socialization

Answer 2

how children were socialized into and through language (focus on social groups and cultural variation, how we view people through language)

Question 3

Social Competence

Answer 3

How children become competent members of society, learning how and to whom to address.

Question 4

Who developed the “Universal Grammar” theory?

Answer 4

Noam Chomsky

Question 5

Universal Grammar theory

Answer 5

Focus on individuals that state language instinct to be activated and appropriate specific language could be selected.

Question 6

Literacy

Answer 6

A way of talking extracting meaning from the world around you

Question 7

Social features of baby talk

Answer 7

used to talk to babies, not adults as it treats children as a conversation partner and frequency diminishes as the child ages

Question 8

Linguistic features of baby talk

Answer 8

modifications: intonation (over-articulation), phonology (wabbit), morphology (dada), and syntax (potty)

Question 9

Models of child-rearing

Answer 9

adapting the situation to the child and adapting the child to the situation

Question 10

Adapting the situation to the child

Answer 10

making bigger concepts smaller

Question 11

Adapting the child to the situation

Answer 11

making bigger concepts understandable for the child

Question 12

Initiation Response Evaluation (IRE) model

Answer 12

1. initiation question
2. respond to question
3. evaluate answer

Question 13

Early stages of reading

Answer 13

label, list features and give “what” explanations

Question 14

Advanced stages of reading

Answer 14

reason explanations, analogic reasoning, affective commentaries

Question 15

“What” explanations

Answer 15

recognizing topics in new situational contexts, identifying and categorizing things in the world

Question 16

Scaffolding

Answer 16

asking questions that allow the baby to talk

Question 17

Expansion

Answer 17

taking the nonsense the baby says and making it meaningful

Question 18

elma

Answer 18

“say like that” mother models well-formed adult speech

Question 19

Bedtime stories

Answer 19

literacy event as it is how language is exposed to young children before formal schooling

Question 20

Affective commentaries

Answer 20

child expresses their own likes and dislikes of a story

Question 21

Linear narratives

Answer 21

telling events from the beginning, middle, and end

Question 22

Conversational allusions

Answer 22

literary device or figure of speech that refers back to a previous event, work, or story

Question 23

Language instinct

Answer 23

genetic inheritance provides us with the capacity to learn
languages

Question 24

The Anglo-American Story

Answer 24

child is treated as a conversational partner, minimizes child’s incompetence, child is exposed to dealing with ambiguity, child learns who can make interpretations of an utterance, child learns how to negotiate interpretations

Question 25

The Samoan Story

Answer 25

mother helped out by other caregivers, child is not a conversational partner, after child crawls caregivers change tone and talk to the child; there is mock teasing in an attempt to make the child assertive and know their rank (language starts with “shit”)

Question 26

The Kaluli Story

Answer 26

child is not a conversation partner, mother models well-formed adult speech, language is not modified, no expansion of utterances, single meaning determined by mother (language starts with “mother” or “breast”)

Question 27

Roadville

Answer 27

babies surrounded by visual stimuli, child listens quietly, book reading focuses on labeling, complicated stores are simplified by adults, fictionalizations are treated as lies, children are not encouraged to make connections between books and their environment, white working middle class

Question 28

Maintown

Answer 28

children are active participants in bedtime stories, repetitive training in having a story read to them every night, books are treated as a source of entertainment, upper middle class

Question 29

Trackton

Answer 29

babies are surrounded by people and not stuff, verbal skills through social interactions, no bedtime ritual, adults do not simplify language, no expansion of the child’s talk, children spontaneously produce stories designed for audiences, develop connections between stories but cannot name the specific features which make two items or events alike, black working class