Final section 4 Flashcards
“Cultural Capital”
socialization of class values, asserting one’s social position through an aesthetic appreciation
Gender Roles
in discussion
men socialized into a competitive style of discourse, women socialized into a more cooperative style of speech
Class Roles
white middle class women are socialized to be more polite than other social groups, working class people tended to stress the directness and loudness of their language
Class
income, education, occupation, “culture capital”
Popular Girls
Aretha (AA middle class)
Janis (Euro-American middle class)
Sarah (Euro-American working class)
Emi (Asian American middle class)
Melissa (Asian American middle class)
Leaders
(Janis and Emi) assertive control acts, demands, setting frame of play, and allocating role of others, speak in directives
Directives
an utterance intended to indicate the speaker’s desire to regulate the behavior of the listener
Mitigated Speech
hedging, asking for permission, providing justification for actions
Social Status
position in group
Linguistic Practice to Index Social Status
brags, stories, descriptions, comparisons
Embodied Practices to Index Social Status
popular girls have access to consumer culture (flying on airplanes, private schools, name brands)
Format Typing
build a next utterance from a prior one
Bullying
negative actions occurring repeatedly over time on the part of one or more persons
Direct Social Exclusion
explicit and direct verbal speech (insults, bald imperatives, stories in which target is portrayed in a negative way)
Covert Social Exclusion
relational aggression (threat of withdrawal of friendship, gossip, negative body language of facial expressions, sabotaging someone else’s relationships)
Degradation Rituals
ritual that is used to eject an individual from a group and to rid that individual of his or her identity as a member of the group
Social Exclusion of Angela
sanctioning through ridicule and exclusion, construction of Angela’s nonperson and polluted status
relationship between class gender and language
how cliques are formed
Men’s Style of Communication
conversations as a competitive game
Women’s Style of Communication
discussions as being collaborative
Amplification
woman made a good point, another woman would repeat it and give credit to the originator
“Mansplaining”
to explain something to a woman in a condescending way that assumes she has no knowledge about the topic
debate between Deborah Tannen and Candy Goodwin
Tannen believed white middle class women were the epitome of politeness while Goodwin’s studies of young girls proved they were catty
