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Anatomy > Mid Muscle Exam > Flashcards

Mid Muscle Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Origin

A

Less moveable attachment of a muscle

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2
Q

Insertion

A

More moveable attachment of a muscle

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3
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover, muscle that directly performs a desired movement

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes the prime mover, typically lengthens or relaxes

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5
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition

A

Prevents an antagonist from contracting while the prime mover is contracting

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6
Q

Synergist

A

Aids the prime mover in performing the same action as the prime mover

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7
Q

Tendon

A

Anchors muscles to other structures

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8
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased blood flow

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9
Q

Atrophy

A

Loss of muscle due to inadequate nerve innervation, lack of movement

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10
Q

Tonus

A

Muscle tone

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11
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Tendinous sheath, broad flat tendon, muscle to bone/skin

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12
Q

Fascia

A

Band of irregular tissue that lines and supports tissues

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13
Q

Recruitment

A

Motor unit activation to recruit more units to increase strength

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14
Q

All or None Law

A

When a muscle fiber receives a stimulus to contract, it will contract completely or not at all.

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15
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Receive neurotransmitters that enables the body to know where the body parts are in space

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16
Q

Pain Spasm pain cycle

A

Self-perpetuating cycle of muscle spasms, increased by neural input, and pain

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17
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

Mechanism where pain can be let through or restricted. Pain in one area can be forgotten in place of pain in another area

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18
Q

Characteristics of Muscle Tissue

A
  • Excitability/Irritability
  • Contractility
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
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19
Q

Excitability/Irritability

A

Ability to respond to stimulous

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20
Q

Contractility

A

The ability to shorten

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21
Q

Extensibility

A

The ability to lengthen

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22
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability to return back to the original length and movement

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23
Q

Isotonic Contractions

A

Muscle length changes and involves movement
- Eccentric contraction
- Concentric contraction

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24
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

Muscle contractions when muscle remains the same

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25
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

Isotonic Contraction - Muscle Lengthens
- opposes the concentric contractions to oppose the movements and protect the joints

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26
Q

Concentric Contraction

A

Isotonic Contraction - Muscle shortens

27
Q

Systems of the body

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Endocrine
  3. Nervous
  4. Digestive/Gastrointestinal
  5. Muscular
  6. Respiratory
  7. Urinary
  8. Lymphatic
  9. Reproductive
  10. Integumentary
  11. Cardiovascular/ Circulatory
28
Q

3 Types of Muscle Tissue

A
  1. Smooth
  2. Skeletal
  3. Cardiac
29
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Type of muscle tissue that makes up most internal organs

30
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Muscle tissue that attaches to bones and is voluntary

31
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Muscle tissue located in the heart

32
Q

Types of Movements

A
  • Flexion/Extension
  • Abduction/Adduction
  • Horizontal Abduction/Horizontal Adduction
  • Protrusion/Retrusion OR Protraction/Retraction
  • Elevation/Depression
  • Lateral Excursion/Medial Excursion
  • Lateral Rotation/Medial Rotation
  • Upward Rotation/Downward Rotation
  • Pronation/Supination
  • Circumduction
  • Ulnar Deviation/Radial Deviation
  • Opposition/Reposition
  • Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion
  • Inversion/Eversion
33
Q

Flexion/Extension

A
  • Flexion: movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint (bends the joint); motion involving anterior bending of the vertebral column
  • Extension: movement in the sagital plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint); motion involving posterior bending of the vertebral column or returning to the upright position from a flexed position
34
Q

Abduction/Adduction

A
  • Abduction: movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb laterally away from the body; spreading of the fingers
  • Adduction: movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body; bringing fingers together.
35
Q

Protrusion/Retrusion OR Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction/Protrusion: anterior motion of the scapula or mandible
Retraction/Retrusion: posterior motion of the scapula or mandible

36
Q

Elevation/Depression

A
  • Elevation: Upward (superior) motion of the scapula or mandible
  • Depression: Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula or mandible
37
Q

Lateral Excursion/Medial Excursion

A
  • Lateral Excursion: side-to-side movement of the mandible away from the midline, toward either the right or left side
  • Medial Excursion: side-to-side movement that returns that mandible to the midline
38
Q

Lateral Rotation/Medial Rotation

A
  • Lateral Rotation: Movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that moves the anterior surface of the limb or turn of the head away from the midline of the body
  • Medial Rotation: Movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that moves the anterior surface of the limb or turn of the head toward the midline of the body
39
Q

Upward Rotation/Downward Rotation

A
  • Upward (Superior) Rotation: movement of the scapula during upper limb abduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in an upward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in the downward direction
  • Downward (Inferior) Rotation: movement of the scapula during upper limb adduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in a downward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in an upward direction
40
Q

Pronation/Supination

A
  • Pronation: forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand forward to the palm backward position
  • Supination: forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position.
41
Q

Circumduction

A

circular motion of the arm, thigh, hand, thumb, or finger that is produced by the sequential combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction

42
Q

Ulnar Deviation/Radial Deviation

A
  • Ulnar Deviation (Adduction): movement of the wrist toward the ulna
  • Radial Deviation (Abduction): movement of the wrist toward the radius
43
Q

Opposition/Reposition

A
  • Opposition: thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger
  • Reposition: movement of the thumb from opposition back to the anatomical position (next to the index finger).
44
Q

Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion

A
  • Plantar Flexion: movement of the ankle in which the heel is lifted off of the ground or pointing toes downward
  • Dorsiflexion: movement of the ankle that brings the top of the foot toward the anterior leg
45
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A
  • Inversion: movement of the **foot*involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline
  • Eversion: movement of the **foot* involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline.
46
Q

Horizontal Abduction/Horizontal Adduction

A
  • Horizontal Abduction: movement of the arms away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane.
  • Horizontal Adduction: movement of the arms toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane.
47
Q

Muscles of the Face

A
  • Orbital Fascial Muscles (3): Occipitofrontalis, Orbicularis oculi, Corrugator supercilii
  • Nasal Muscles (3): Nasalis, Procerus, Depressor Sept Nasi
  • Oral Muscles (12): Orbicularis oris, Buccinators, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris, Risorius, Zygomaticus major, Zygomaticus minor, Levator labii superioris, Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, Depressor labii inferioris, Mentalis, Platysma
  • Muscles of Mastication (4): Temporalis, Masseter, Lateral Pterygoid, Medial Pterygoid
48
Q

Muscles of the Neck

A
  • Muscles of Deglutition (4 Suprahyoid, 4 Infrahyoid): Digastrics, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid, Omohyoid
  • Superficial Anterior Neck Muscles (3): Platysma, Sternocleidomastoid, Subclavius
  • Scapula Elevators (2): Levator Scapulae, Upper Trapezius
  • Scalenes (3): Anterior, Middle, Posterior
  • Lateral Neck Muscles (4): Rectus capitis anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis, Longus capitis, Longus colli
  • Superficial Posterior Neck Muscles (2): Splenius capitis, Splenius Cervicis
  • Suboccipital Muscles (4): Rectus capitis posterior major, Rectus capitis posterior minor, Obliquus capitis superior, Obliquus capitis inferior
    -** Transversospinalis Muscles** (5): Semispinalis capitis, Semispinalis cervicis, rotatores cervicis, interspinales, intertransversarii
49
Q

Muscles of the Trunk

A
  • Anterior Thoracic Muscles (10): Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior, Subclavius, External intercostals, Internal intercostals, Innermost intercostals, Subcostals, Transversus thoracis, Diaphragm
  • Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles (6): Rectus abdominis, External abdominal oblique, Internal abdominal oblique, Transversus abdominis, Pyramidalis, Quadratus lumborum
  • Posterior Superficial Muscles (7): Latissimus dorsi, Trapezius, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Levator scapulae, Serratus posterior superior (Intermediate), Serratus posterior inferior (Intermediate)
  • Spinotransversales Group - Intermediate (2): Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis
  • Erector Spinae Group - Deep (3): Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
  • Transversospinal Muscles - Deeper (4): Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores longus, Rotatores brevis
  • Deepest Posterior Trunk Muscles - Deepest: Interspinales, intertransversarii and Levatores costarum
50
Q

Muscles of Respiration

A
  • Primary Muscles of Inhalation (2): Diaphragm, External intercostals
  • Primary Muscles of Forced Exhalation (7): Internal intercostals, Intercostalis intimi, Subcostals, Transverse abdominis, Rectus Abdominis, External Obliques, Internal Obliques
  • Accessory Muscles of Inhalation (10): Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Scalenus posterior, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior, Latissimus dorsi, Serratus posterior superior, Iliocostalis cervicis
51
Q

Muscles of Scapular Movement

A
  • Protraction/Adduction (3): Serratus anterior, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor
  • Retraction/Abduction (4): Trapezius, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Latissimus dorsi, Levator Scapulae
  • Elevation (5): Levator Scapulae, Upper Trapezius, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Latissimus dorsi
  • Depression (5): Lower Trapezius, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Latissimus dorsi, Serratus anterior
  • Upward Rotation (2): Upper/Lower Trapezius, Serratus anterior, Teres Major
  • Downward Rotation (6): Latissimus dorsi, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Deltoids

link

  • Shoulder Girdle Muscles (5): Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboids Major, Rhomboids Minor, Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor
  • Rotator Cuff Muscles - Abduction, External/Internal Rotation (4): Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
  • Extrinsic Muscles (3): Biceps, Triceps, Deltoids
  • Rotation and Stabilization of the Scapula (4): Levator scapulae, Trapezius, Rhomboids Major, Rhomboids Minor, Serratus anterior

link

52
Q

Muscles of Humerus Movement

A
  • Extension: Latissimus Dorsi, Teres major, posterior deltoid, Triceps Brachii (long head),
  • Flexion: Anterior deltoid, Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii
  • Abduction: Suprasinatus, Deltoids, Biceps brachii (long head),
  • Adduction: Latissimus Dorsi, Teres minor, Teres major, Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii (short head), Triceps Brachii (long head)
  • Medial Rotation: Latissimus Dorsi , Subscapularis, Teres major, Anterior Deltoid
  • Lateral Rotation: Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Posterior Deltoid
53
Q

Muscles of Trunk Movement

A
  • Flexion:
  • Extension: Middle/Lower Trapezius
  • Ipsilateral Rotation: Anterior Deltoid
  • Contralateral Rotation: Posterior Deltoid
54
Q

Muscles of Forearm Movement

A
  • Flexion: Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialisa, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Brachioradialis, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Capri Radialis Longus, Extensor Capri Radialis Brevis
  • Extension: Triceps Brachii, Anconeus, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi
  • Supination: Biceps Brachii, Brachioradialis, Supinator, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Indicis
  • Pronation: Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus, Flexor Carpi Radialisa, Palmaris Longus, Brachioradialis, Extensor Capri Radialis Longus
55
Q

Muscles of Hand Movement

A
  • Flexion: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus , Flexor Pollicis Longus
  • Extension: Extensor Capri Radialis Longus, Extensor Capri Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Indicis
  • Radial Deviation/Abduction: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Capri Radialis Longus, Extensor Capri Radialis Brevis, Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis, Extensor Pollicis Longus
  • Ulnar Deviation/Adduction: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Palm Wrinkles: Palmaris Longus, Palmaris Brevis
56
Q

Muscles of Finger Movement (2-5)

A
  • Flexion: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (MCP,PIP), Flexor Digitorum Profundus (MCP, PIP, DIP), Lumbricals Manus (MCP), Palmar Interossei(MCP 2,4,5), Dorsal Interossei Manus (MCP 2,4,5),
  • Extension: Extensor Digitorum (MCP, DIP), Lumbricals Manus (PIP, DIP), Palmar Interossei (PIP, DIP), Dorsal Interossei Manus (PIP, DIP), Palmar Interossei (PIP, DIP 2,4,5)
  • Abduction: Dorsal Interossei Manus (MCP 2-4)
  • Adduction: Palmar Interossei (MCP 2,4,5)
57
Q

Muscles of Thumb Movement

A
  • Flexion: Flexor Pollicis Longus (CMC, MCP, IP), Abductor Pollicis Brevis (MCP), Flexor Pollicis Brevis (CMC,MCP), Opponens Pollicis (CMC), Adductor Pollicis (CMC)
  • Extension: Abductor Pollicis Longus (CMC), Extensor Pollicis Brevis (CMC, MCP), Extensor Pollicis Longus (CMC, MCP, IP), Abductor Pollicis Brevis (MCP, IP), Adductor Pollicis (IP)
  • Abduction: Abductor Pollicis Longus (CMC), Extensor Pollicis Brevis (CMC), Abductor Pollicis Brevis (MCP), Flexor Pollicis Brevis (CMC), Opponens Pollicis (CMC)
  • Adduction: Adductor Pollicis (CMC)
  • Medial Rotation: Opponens Pollicis (CMC)
  • Lateral Rotation: Abductor Pollicis Longus (CMC), Extensor Pollicis Brevis (CMC), Extensor Pollicis Longus (CMC)
  • Opposition: Opponens Pollicis (CMC)
58
Q

Muscle of the Pinky Movements

A
  • Flexion: Opponens Digiti Minimi(CMC), Flexor Digiti Minimi Manus (MCP)
  • Extension: Extensor Digiti Minimi (MCP, PIP, DIP), Abductor Digiti Minimi Manus (PIP, DIP)
  • Medial Rotation: Extensor Digitorum (CMC), Extensor Digiti Minimi (CMC)
  • Lateral Rotation: Opponens Digiti Minimi (CMC)
  • Abduction: Abductor Digiti Minimi Manus (CMC, MCP)
  • Adduction: Opponens Digiti Minimi (CMC)
  • Opposition: Opponens Digiti Minimi (CMC)
59
Q

Muscles of the Index Finger

A
  • Extension: Extensor Indicis (MCP, PIP, DIP)
  • Adduction: Extensor Indicis (MCP)
60
Q

Muscles of Head and Neck Movement

A
  • Flexion: Sternocleidomastoid, Anterior Scalene, Middle Scalene, Longus Colli, Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior
  • Extension: Upper Trapezius, Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, Levator Scapulae, Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (head), Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Obliquus Capitis Superior, Sternocleidomastoid
  • Lateral Flexion: Upper Trapezius, Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, Levator Scapulae, Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (head), Obliquus Capitis Superior, Sternocleidomastoid, Anterior Scalene, Middle Scalene, Posterior Scalene, Longus Colli, Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis Lateralis
  • Lateral Extension:
  • Protraction: Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Obliquus Capitis Superior
  • Contralateral Rotation: Upper Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Longus Colli
  • Ipsilateral Rotation: Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, Levator Scapulaes, Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (head), Obliquus Capitis Inferior
  • Draws up Neck Skin: Platysma
61
Q

Muscles of Face Movement

A
  • Depressesion Lower Lip:Platysma
  • Depression of Mandible: Platysma, _ Digastric_, _ Mylohoid_, Geniohyoid
  • Retraction of the Mandible: Digastric
62
Q

Muscles of Sternum/Clavicular/Rib Movement

A
  • Elevation: Sternocleidomastoid (sternum, clavicle), Anterior Scalene (1 st rib), Middle Scalene (1st rib), _ Posterior Scalene_ (2nd rib)
63
Q

Muscles of Deglutition

A
  • Elevates the Hyoid: Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohoid, Geniohyoid
  • Elevates Thyroid Cartilage: Thyrohyoid
  • Depresses Hyoid: Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid,
  • Depresses Thyroid Cartilage: Sternothyroid
64
Q

Movements of Respiration

A

Anatomy (9 decks)

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