micrscopical measurements using light microscopy

Question 1

the pharmacopoeia require that organized and unorganized crude drugs are examined

Answer 1

macro and microscopically to verify genuiness of the starting material

Question 2

the identification of these vegetable drugs by microscopy requires what

Answer 2

botanical knowldeg of plant anatomy

Question 3

generalizations for microscopic evaluations have been made to pharmacopoeia and include the following

Answer 3

• descriptions are restricted to the higher vascular plants e.g. mono and dicots
• descriptions refer to mature plant cells and tissues
• botanical terms used to describe the cells are indluded in the pharmacopoeia

Question 4

a transverse section is a cross section that runs horizontally or vertically across the specimen

Answer 4

horizontally

Question 5

a longitudinal cross section runs horizontally or vertically

Answer 5

vertically

Question 6

‘microscopic determination of the whole drug’ uses transverse or longitudinal sections

Answer 6

transverse

Question 7

‘microscopic evaluation of powdered drugs’ are observed from

Answer 7

all angles and frequently broken down

Question 8

what is clearing, and what agent is commonly used

Answer 8

• removal of pigments, obscuring cells, and rehydration of the specimen
• allows for easier viewing of cell inclusions or certain cell features
• chloral hydrate

Question 9

what stains are used for each of the below:

• Lignan
• starch grains
• tannins
• lipids

Answer 9

• Lignan - phloroglucinol
• starch grains - HCl
• tannins - dilute iodine
• lipids - sudan III

Question 10

how can a eyepiece graticule be calibrated

Answer 10

• by using a stage micrometer, lining up one of the lines and counting the divisions

Question 11

what is an eyepiece graticule

Answer 11

micrometer eyepiece that has a line with 100 small divisions

Question 12

what is a stage micrometer

Answer 12

a slide with as a 1mm long divided into 100 small divisions