animal products used in pharmacy

Question 1

animal products used in pharmacy include (2)

Answer 1

hormonal and non hormonal products

Question 2

hormonal products include (3)

Answer 2

• adrenals
• androgens
• estrogens

Question 3

non-hormonal products include (name 4 of 7)

Answer 3

• cantharides
• cochineal
• enzymes
• gelatin
• heparin
• leeches
• protamine
• surgical material

Question 4

cantharides (cantharidin) are the active constituent of_____ and are cyclopentanoid monoterpenes used as

Answer 4

• blistering beetles
• counter irritants

Question 5

enzymes play a crutial role in pharmacy since (3)

Answer 5

• many drugs act by inhibiting or stimulating enzyme activity
• natural product drugs are dependent upon enzyme controlled reactions for their synthesis
• they may be used as a treatment in enzyme deficient individuals or as antithrombotics or would cleansing agents

Question 6

enzymes are characterized based upon the substrate catalyzed, these categories include (6)

Answer 6

• carbohydrazes
• proteases
• mucolytic enzymes
• kinases
• nucleolytic enzymes
• miscellaneous

Question 7

carbohydrases act on

include examples

Answer 7

• carbohydrates e.g. starch and related polysaccharides
• examples
  
  • diastase - digestive enzyme
  • cellulase - hydrolyses cellulose
  • pectinase - catalyze pectin

Question 8

proteases break down proteins into

Answer 8

peptides and amino acids

Question 9

plant proteases include

Answer 9

• bromelains
• papain
• ficin

Question 10

bromelains are sourced from and are used as

Answer 10

• pineapples
• digestive aids and in the treatment of soft tissue inflammation and edema after dental or gynecological surgery, sprains, contusions, hematomas, and absecesses

Question 11

papain is derived from the ______plant and is used

Answer 11

• unripe fruit of pawpaw plants
• used in slipped or ruptured discs

Question 12

ficin is derived from the _________plant and is used as

Answer 12

• rubber plant ficus
• meat tenderizer

Question 13

animal proteases include (3)

Answer 13

• pepsin
• chymotrypsin
• trypsin

Question 14

what are the sources of

• pepsin
• chymotrypsin
• trypsin

Answer 14

• pepsin
  
  • stomaches of domestic animals (sheep, cattle, pgis)
  • increases disgestive power of gastric secretion
• chymotrypsin
  
  • bovine pancrease
  • intestinal digestion of casein
  • used to liquify secretions in asthma and bronchitis
• trypsin
  
  • pancreatic enzyme
  • clot buster and remove dead cells in ounds and burns

Question 15

mucolytic enzymes (4)

Answer 15

• catalyze depolymerization of hyaluronic acid
• sourced from beef testes
• promotes the diffusion of IM drugs
• found in hemarrhoidal products

Question 16

kinases are enzyme inhibitors or activators

Answer 16

enzyme activators

Question 17

what are kinases used for

Answer 17

• clot busters
• streptokinase and urokinase

Question 18

nucelolytic enzymes act on DNA and related proteins and are used as

Answer 18

wound cleaners by removal of constituents of pus

Question 19

pancreatin is a mixture of what enzymes and is used in the treatment of what conditions

Answer 19

• amylase, trypsin and lipase
• used in treatment of celiac disease and cystic fibrosis

Question 20

penicillinase and beta-lactamases are produced by E. coli, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus and do this

Answer 20

• inactivate penicillins and beta lactams
• used in blood culture sensitivity testing

Question 21

gelatin is sourced from ________ and is known for its gel forming properties

Answer 21

animal tissues bone and skin

Question 22

heparin is a sodium salt of a sulfated polysaccharide is obtained from_________ or _____________and is used for

Answer 22

• beef lung
• intestinal mucos of cattle, sheep or pigs
• anticoagulant effects

Question 23

leeches used to

Answer 23

reduce edema

Question 24

protamine is prepared from the sperm or mature testes of ____and antagonizes the effect of

Answer 24

fish (salmon)

heparin