microvascular disease Flashcards
what is microvascular disease
chronic hyperglycemia → nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and lipids → thickening of the basal membrane with progressive function impairment and tissue damage
what are clinical manifestations of MVD
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma
Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic foot
what is diabetic foot
a condition that results from long-standing diabetes and comprises ulcers, infections, and foot deformities.
how is diabetic foot preventeted
Address risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers, e.g
glycemic control
Educate patients (or caregivers) on:
Daily self-monitoring, including:
Foot examination
what is diabetic retinopathy
vascular disease of the retina that is usually asymptomatic in the early stages but can lead to visual impairment and blindness as the disease progresses.
what is the management of diabetic renopathy
managing risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and referral to an ophthalmologist for further management and monitoring
what is diabetic neuropathy
nerve damage
what is diabetic gastroparesis
Diabetic gastroparesis is a complication of long-term diabetes characterized by delayed gastric emptying that is not associated with mechanical obstruction
what are risk factors for diabetic gastroparesis
inadequate glycemic control and obesity
what are symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis
nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and early satiety
how is diabetic gastroparesis diagnosed
scintigraphic gastric emptying
what is the treatment of diabetic gastropareis
glycemic control, dietary modifications, and avoidance of medications and substances that delay gastric emptying
what drugs can help symptom relief of gastroparesis
antiemetics
which drug helps gastric emptying of gastroparesis
5-HT4 agonists
