diabetes mellitus Flashcards
what is the pathogeneis of TYPE 1 DM
Autoimmune destruction of β cells → absolute insulin deficiency
what is the pathogeneis of TYPE 13DM
Insulin resistance, progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells
what are c-peptide (insulin) levels like in T1DM
Decreased or absent
what are c-peptide (insulin) levels like in T2DM
Initially elevated, decreased in advanced stage
how is T2DM treated
Lifestyle changes
Oral antidiabetic drugs
Insulin therapy
how is t1DM treated
insulin therapy
If you buy 4 DiaMonds and only pay for 3, you get 1 for free:
DR4 and DR3 are associated with Diabetes Mellitus type 1.
what are risk factors for T2DM
Positive family history
Race/ethnicity (high risk factor)
obesity and high-calorie diet
Dyslipidemia
what are 3 hyperglycaemia tests
fasting plasma glucose
oral glucose tolerance test
haemoglobin A1c
what is the fasting plasma glucose
blood glucose measured after > 8 hours of fasting
WHAT IS hba1c
reflects the average blood glucose levels of the prior 8–12 weeks
what is OGTT
measurement of fasting plasma glucose and blood glucose 2 hours after the consumption of 75 g of glucose
what can c-peptide show
↑ C-peptide levels may indicate insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia → T2DM
↓ C-peptide levels indicate an absolute insulin deficiency → T1DM
do patients with TD1M always require insulin therapy?
YES
How does exercise help?
Physical exercise reduces blood glucose and increases insulin sensitivity
