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Microbiology Lab Practicum 1 > microscopy, Aseptic technique, Environmental cultures, Handwashing, dental caries > Flashcards

microscopy, Aseptic technique, Environmental cultures, Handwashing, dental caries Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is “aseptic technique”?

A

strategies used to prevent contamination

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2
Q

What are 4 examples of aseptic technique?

A

hand washing, tying hair back, using a lab coat, wiping down tables

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3
Q

How is media sterilized?

A

using an autoclave

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4
Q

What is a bunson burner used for?

A

flaming tubes and tools

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5
Q

What is broth in terms of media?

A

liquid in a tube

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6
Q

What are the three advantages of using broth?

A
  1. easy to transport 2. low contamination 3. fast growth (48 hours)
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7
Q

What are the two disadvantages of using a broth?

A
  1. no isolation 2. no sustained growth
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8
Q

What is a plate in terms of media?

A

solid media in a plate

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9
Q

What are the two advantages of using a plate?

A
  1. isolation 2. sustained growth
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10
Q

What are the three disadvantages of using a plate?

A
  1. high contamination 2. can dry out 3. not easy to transport
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11
Q

What is “slant” in terms of media?

A

solid media in a tube that is slanted

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12
Q

What are the three advantages of using a slant?

A
  1. easy to transport 2. low contamination 3. sustained growth
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13
Q

What is the one disadvantage of using a slant?

A

no isolation

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14
Q

What is a deep in terms of media?

A

solid media in tube layed flat

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15
Q

What are the two uses of using a “deep”?

A
  1. culturing an organism that has a low o2 preference 2. detect motility of bacteria
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16
Q

What are the two types of normal flora?

A

resident flora and transient flora

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17
Q

How do resident flora colonize on the body?

A

in a symbiotic relationship

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18
Q

What is commensalism?

A

one organism benefits while the other neither benefits nor harms

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19
Q

What is mutualism?

A

both organisms benefit

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20
Q

What are opportunistic pathogens?

A

pathogens that do not cause disease in healthy individuals, under certain conditions disease happens

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21
Q

What is transient flora?

A

may be on the body for a short time but do not colonize

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22
Q

What are two examples of opportunistic pathogens?

A

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus

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23
Q

What do pathogens do?

A

cause disease

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24
Q

What does culturing bacteria require?

A

media

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25
Q

What is chemically defined media?

A

the exact chemical composition of the media is known

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26
Q

What is complex media?

A

the exacts chemical composition varies slightly with each batch

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27
Q

What is an example of complex media?

A

Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA)

28
Q

What does complex media sometimes contain?

A

nutrients extracts such as yeast extract, beef extract, peptone (partially digested protein)

29
Q

What is Agar?

A

marine algae extract

30
Q

What is the function of Agar?

A

solidifying agent

31
Q

What are the two unique properties of Agar?

A
  1. most microbes can’t degrade it because there is no nutrients 2. it liquefies at 100* C and stays liquid until cooled to 40*C
32
Q

What is the function of soaps and detergents?

A

Surfactants (wetting agent–decrease surface tension) emulsifies fats and oils on skin

33
Q

What is the result of soaps and detergents?

A

mechanically remove bacteria from skin with proper rinsing, not intended to kill (some do die)

34
Q

What is the active ingredient of hand sanitizer?

A

alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol)

35
Q

What is hand sanitizer effective against?

A

bacteria, fungi, viruses

36
Q

What is hand sanitizer ineffective against?

A

spores or endospores

37
Q

What is the function of hand sanitizer?

A

denature proteins and disrupt cytoplasmic membranes

38
Q

What is the result of hand sanitizer?

A

kill microbes

39
Q

What percentage of ethanol is optimal in hand sanitizer? Why not 100% ethanol?

A

62-70%. Water is required to denature proteins and 100% ethanol evaporates too fast

40
Q

Which streptococcus bacteria is normal flora in the mouth?

A

Streptococcus mutane and Streptococcus sanguinis

41
Q

What do the normal flora in the mouth produce when sucrose is found in the mouth?

A

sticky polysaccharides

42
Q

How are sticky polysaccharides formed in the mouth?

A

When sucrose is introduced to the mouth it is broken down into glucose and fructose

43
Q

What does glucose form?

A

Long chains of dextran

44
Q

What is dextran?

A

sticky carb chain that surrounds bacteria

45
Q

What is plaque?

A

masses of bacteria, dextran and debris adhering to teeth

46
Q

What does fermented fructose produce?

A

lactic acid

47
Q

What does lactic acid do to tooth enamel?

A

it erodes enamel which causes dental caries

48
Q

What is Streptococcus able to grow on?

A

tooth pulp and dentin

49
Q

What does sugarless candy contain?

A

sugar alcohol (sorbitol and mantitol)

50
Q

What can sugarless candy not be converted to?

A

dextrin (no glucose production)

51
Q

Although sugarless candy cannot be converted to dextrin, what can still happen?

A

it can still be fermented which creates lactic acid which will cause tooth erosion

52
Q

What does Snyder Agar contain?

A

Sucrose and fermentable sugar

53
Q

What is Bromcresol Green? What are the color of the indicators?

A

pH indicator. neutral: green, acidic: yellow, basic: blue

54
Q

What are the 3 other ingredients in Snyder Agar?

A

yeast extract, Agar and Nacl

55
Q

How many lens are there in a compound brightfield microscope?

A

2

56
Q

What is the first lens in the compound brightfield microscope?

A

Objective lens- closest to object

57
Q

What are the magnifications of the compound microscope and the colors associated?

A

4x (red), 10x (yellow), 40x (blue), 100x (white)

58
Q

What is the 2nd lens on a compound microscope?

A

ocular lens-closest to eye (10x)

59
Q

How do you calculate the total magnification?

A

Objective mag x ocular mag

60
Q

Where does brightfield come from?

A

The light comes from bottom to specimen

61
Q

What is the resolution?

A

The clarity of an image

62
Q

What is the limit of resolution?

A

the measurement of how far 2 points must be before the microscope can view them as seperate

63
Q

What is the refractive index?

A

Speed of light in a substance

64
Q

What is the refractive index of air, oil, and glass?

A

air=1, oil and glass= 1.5

65
Q

The ____ the limit of resolution the ____ the resolution.

A

shorter, better

Microbiology Lab Practicum 1 (15 decks)

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