Microscopy Flashcards
What is the symbol for micrometres?
μm
What is the symbol for nanometres
nm
How do you convert millimetres to micrometres
x1000
How do you convert micrometres to nanometres
x1000
How do you convert micrometres to millimetres
/1000
How do you convert nanometres to micrometres
/1000
How do you convert from millimetres to nanometres
x1000 x1000
How do you convert from nanometres to millimetres
/1000 /1000
how do you convert from cmm to millimetre
x10
how do you convert from millimetre to cmm
/10
What is 0.005 micrometres in millimetres and nanometres
0.000005 - millimetres
5 nanometres
How do you calculate Image size
Actual size times magnification
how do you calcualte actual size
image size/magnification
How do you caclcualte magnification
image size/ actual size
What is the actual size of an object that has an image size of 50 mm and magniciation of 1200
Actual size = image size/ magnificaiton
50/1200 = 0.0416
4.16 μm
Calculate the actual length of the organelle (102mm and x20000) as shown by the line AB in the diagram. Express your answer to the nearest micrometer (mm).
102 /20000
102000/20000
Draw formation of ring structure from linear form glucose
See had out
Comparison of collagen and Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin Globular protein Peptide bonds , between amino acids Soluble in water Wide range of AA in primary structure Contains a haem group (prosthetic group) Alpha helix structure Four polypeptide chains hydrogen / H , bonds between (polypeptide) chains
Collagen
Fibrous Protein
Peptide bonds, between amino acids
Insoluble in water
35% primary structure one type of AA (Glycine)
Every 3rd amino acids is same (glycine)
Glycine / small R group , allows closeness and twisting (of polypeptide chains
Does not have a prosthetic group
Left-handed helix structure
Three polypeptide chains ;
Hydrogen / H , bonds between (polypeptide) chains ;
no / few, hydrophilic (R) groups on outside (of molecule) ;
(adjacent molecules joined by) crosslinks
crosslinks / ends of molecules , being
staggered
fibril
What are lipids
Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.
What is the most common type of lipid
The most common types of lipid are triglycerides (sometimes known as true fats or neutral fats), but other important lipids include waxes, steroids and cholesterol.
Compare lipid with carbohydrate
Like carbohydrates, lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but they have a higher proportion of hydrogen and a lower proportion of oxygen.
Describe structure of a triglyceride
Glycol backbone with three fatyy acids
Composed of 3 fatty acid chains joined to a molecule of gylcerol
Glycerol is a 3 C alcohol
What is a fatty acids
Fatty acids are molecules composed of long chains of C atoms with hydrogen attached, at one end of the chain is a carboxyl group -COOH
in what type of action are fatty acids linked to the glycerol molecule
Fatty acids are linked to the glycerol molecule by condensation reactions
Where are glycerol and fatty acids linked in triglerceride
Between the –COOH group of the fatty acid and the an –OH group on the glycerol
What is the bond formed between a glyvercol and fatty acids in triglyceride
The bond formed is called an ester linkage
what happens to the fatty acid in formation of triglyercide
The fatty acid chains lose their acidic properties
Compare phospholipid and trigyercide and describe in gerneal
Similar in structure to the triglycerides but one of the fatty acid chains is replace by a phosphate group
The phosphate group ionises, this gives it a negative charge making it polar.
The polar phosphate group attracts water (is hydrophilic)
