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Biology Retake > Microscopy > Flashcards

Microscopy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the symbol for micrometres?

A

μm

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2
Q

What is the symbol for nanometres

A

nm

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3
Q

How do you convert millimetres to micrometres

A

x1000

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4
Q

How do you convert micrometres to nanometres

A

x1000

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5
Q

How do you convert micrometres to millimetres

A

/1000

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6
Q

How do you convert nanometres to micrometres

A

/1000

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7
Q

How do you convert from millimetres to nanometres

A

x1000 x1000

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8
Q

How do you convert from nanometres to millimetres

A

/1000 /1000

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9
Q

how do you convert from cmm to millimetre

A

x10

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10
Q

how do you convert from millimetre to cmm

A

/10

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11
Q

What is 0.005 micrometres in millimetres and nanometres

A

0.000005 - millimetres

5 nanometres

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12
Q

How do you calculate Image size

A

Actual size times magnification

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13
Q

how do you calcualte actual size

A

image size/magnification

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14
Q

How do you caclcualte magnification

A

image size/ actual size

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15
Q

What is the actual size of an object that has an image size of 50 mm and magniciation of 1200

A

Actual size = image size/ magnificaiton
50/1200 = 0.0416

4.16 μm

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16
Q

Calculate the actual length of the organelle (102mm and x20000) as shown by the line AB in the diagram. Express your answer to the nearest micrometer (mm).

A

102 /20000

102000/20000

17
Q

Draw formation of ring structure from linear form glucose

A

See had out

18
Q

Comparison of collagen and Haemoglobin

A 
Haemoglobin
Globular protein 
Peptide bonds , between amino acids
Soluble in water 
Wide range of AA in primary structure 
Contains a haem group (prosthetic group)
Alpha helix structure 
Four polypeptide chains 
hydrogen / H , bonds between (polypeptide) chains

Collagen
Fibrous Protein
Peptide bonds, between amino acids
Insoluble in water
35% primary structure one type of AA (Glycine)
Every 3rd amino acids is same (glycine)
Glycine / small R group , allows closeness and twisting (of polypeptide chains
Does not have a prosthetic group
Left-handed helix structure
Three polypeptide chains ;
Hydrogen / H , bonds between (polypeptide) chains ;
no / few, hydrophilic (R) groups on outside (of molecule) ;
(adjacent molecules joined by) crosslinks
crosslinks / ends of molecules , being
staggered
fibril

19
Q

What are lipids

A

Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.

20
Q

What is the most common type of lipid

A

The most common types of lipid are triglycerides (sometimes known as true fats or neutral fats), but other important lipids include waxes, steroids and cholesterol.

21
Q

Compare lipid with carbohydrate

A

Like carbohydrates, lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but they have a higher proportion of hydrogen and a lower proportion of oxygen.

22
Q

Describe structure of a triglyceride

A

Glycol backbone with three fatyy acids
Composed of 3 fatty acid chains joined to a molecule of gylcerol
Glycerol is a 3 C alcohol

23
Q

What is a fatty acids

A

Fatty acids are molecules composed of long chains of C atoms with hydrogen attached, at one end of the chain is a carboxyl group -COOH

24
Q

in what type of action are fatty acids linked to the glycerol molecule

A

Fatty acids are linked to the glycerol molecule by condensation reactions

25
Q

Where are glycerol and fatty acids linked in triglerceride

A

Between the –COOH group of the fatty acid and the an –OH group on the glycerol

26
Q

What is the bond formed between a glyvercol and fatty acids in triglyceride

A

The bond formed is called an ester linkage

27
Q

what happens to the fatty acid in formation of triglyercide

A

The fatty acid chains lose their acidic properties

28
Q

Compare phospholipid and trigyercide and describe in gerneal

A

Similar in structure to the triglycerides but one of the fatty acid chains is replace by a phosphate group
The phosphate group ionises, this gives it a negative charge making it polar.
The polar phosphate group attracts water (is hydrophilic)

Biology Retake (15 decks)

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