๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ฝ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ญ-๐ฎ: Microprocessor-Based Personal Computer System Flashcards
Block Diagram of a microprocessor-based computer system
Memory system <โ> Microprocessor <โ> I/O System
Parts of the memory system
TPA, System Area, XMS
Holds the DOS operating system and other programs that control the computer system
TPA
What does TPA stand for?
Transient Program Area
What does DOS stand for?
Disk Operating System
Usual length of TPA
640KB
Represents the memory addresses that begin and end each data area?
Hexadecimal Number
Contains programs that allow DOS to use keyboard, video display, printer, and other I/O devices often found in computers.
IO.SYS
What does MSDOS stand for?
Microsoft Disk Operating System
What does BIOS stand for?
Basic Input/Output System
Are programs that control installable I/O devices
Drivers
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
What does ROM stand for?
Read-Only Memory
What does CD stand for?
Compact Disc
What does DVD stand for?
Digital Versatile Disc
Extension for DOS drivers
.SYS
Extension of DOS version 3.2 and later
.EXE
A file used by Windows to load drivers used by Windows
SYSTEM.INI
What does SYS stand for?
System
What does EXE stand for?
Executable
What does INI stand for?
Initialization
Contain information about the system and the drivers used
Registry
Program used to view the registry
REGEDIT
What does REGEDIT stand for?
Windows Registry Editor
Controls operation of the computer from the keyboard when operated in the DOS mode
COMMAND.COM / Command Processor
What does COM stand for?
Commercial
What happens if you erase COMMAND.COM
The computer cannot be used from the keyboard in DOS mode
Contains programs on read-only or flash memory, and areas of read/write memory for data storage
System Area
Hexadecimal range of the first area of the system space
A0000H to C7FFFH
What does the first area of the system space contain?
video display RAM and video control programs on ROM or flash memory
Display adapters generally have their video RAM located at _________, which stores graphical or bit-mapped data
A0000H to AFFFFH
Memory at __________ stores text data
B0000H to BFFFFH
The video BIOS is at locations ____________ and contains programs that control the DOS video display
C0000H to C7FFFH
The area at these locations is often open or free. Also used for EMS in PC or XT system, or for the upper memory system in an AT system.
C8000H to DFFFFH
What does XT stand for?
Extended Technology
What does AT stand for?
Advanced Technology
What does EMS stand for?
Expanded Memory System
How much page frame of memory does EMS allow to be used by application programs.
64KB page frame
Where is the 64KB page frame usually located?
D0000H to DFFFFH
Locations that contain the cassette BASIC language on ROM fond in early IBM personal computer systems.
E0000H to EFFFFH
Where in the 64KB of the system area is the system BIOS ROM be located?
F0000H to FFFFFH
This ROM controls the operation of the basic I/O devices connected to the computer system
BIOS ROM
Part of the system BIOS that often contains programs that set up the ccomputer
F0000H to F7FFFH
Part of the system BIOS that contains procedures that control the basic I/O system
second part? F8000H to FFFFFH
Two main areas of the Windows memory map
TPA and system area
How much memory can Windows programs use when it is located at linear addresses 00000000H through 7FFFFFFFH?
2GB
Which linear addresses is the Windows TPA found?
00000000H to 7FFFFFFFH
Which linear addresses is the Windows system area found?
80000000H to FFFFFFFFH
Assigns physical memory to application
Operating System
What is used when there is not enough physical memory?
Hard Disk
Devices that allow the microprocessor to communicate with the outside world.
I/O devices
Is similar to a memory address, except that instead of addressing memory, it addresses an I/O device
I/O port address
Ports where the I/O space in a computer system extends
0000H to FFFFH
Location of the section of the I/O area that is considered reserved for system devices
below 0400H
Location of the section of the I/O area that is for expansion
0400H to FFFFH
I/O addresses that address components on the main board of the computer.
0000H to 00FFH
I/O addresses that address devices located on plug-in cards
0100H to 03FFH
The controlling element in a computer system
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Three main tasks of the microprocessor for the computer system.
Data transfer between itself and the memory or I/O systems;
Simple arithmetic logic operations;
Program flow via simple decisions;
The capability to execute billions of millions of instructions per second from a program or software
group of instructions
What is a data width of 16 bits called?
Word
What is a data width of 32 bits called?
Doubleword
What is a data width of 64 bits called?
Quadwords
What is a data width of 128 bits called?
Octalwords
What does SIMD stand for?
Single Instruction, Multiple Data
A common group of wires that interconnect
components in a computer system.
Buses
How many buses exist for transfer of information in the microprocessor-based computer system
3
Three buses exist for this transfer of information:
address, data, control
Requests a memory location from the memory or an I/O location from the
I/O devices
Address Bus
Transfers information between
the microprocessor and its memory and I/O address space.
Data Bus
Lines select and cause memory or
I/O to perform a read or write operation.
Control Bus
The 4 control bus connections
MRDC, MWTC, IORC, IOWC
What does MRDC stand for?
Memory Read Control
What does MWTC stand for?
Memory Write Control
What does IORC stand for?
I/O Read Control
What does IOWC stand for?
I/O Write Control
Indicates the control signal is active-low
Overbar
active when logic zero appears on control line
Active-Low
