microorganisms

Question 1

what are viruses and how are they structured

Answer 1

a organism that infects all forms of life by infecting cells, and using it to reproduce.
have three parts,
nuclear material either DNA or RNA
enclosed in a capsid
some have lipoprotein envelope

Question 2

difference between viralent and latent viruses

Answer 2

with virvalent reproduction starts immediately after entering
latent may stay resting untill something trigger reproduction.

Question 3

stages of the lysogenic cycle

Answer 3

1. phage binds to bacterium
2. phage DNA enters host cell
   3.phage DNA integrates into bacterium chromosome
3. chromosome with integrated prophage replicates
   5.rare cases prophage will seperate and enter lytic cycle

Question 4

stages of lytic cycle

Answer 4

1. phage bonds to bacterium
2. phage DNA enters host cell
3. host DNA is digested
   4.new phage DNA is formed using old host nucleotides from old host
4. host cell transcribs and translates phage DNA
5. assembly of new phage is complete
6. new phage released to start cycle again

Question 5

describe the reproduction of prokaryotes

Answer 5

warm, moist, dark environments
ASEXUAL, binary fission
SEXUAL,
conjuction, 2 cells exchange nuclear material
transformation, living bacteria absorbs integrate genes from dead one
transduction, virus attacks bacterial cell and enters, cell incorpartes new gene virus, used in biotech

Question 6

basics of bacteria

Answer 6

most are aerobic, gram positive or negative, good bacteria and bad bacteria, they are classified by shape and amount or form

Question 7

basics of archae

Answer 7

older then bacteria and closer to eukaryotes then bacteria
3 phylums
methanogens, obligate anaerobes
halophiles, photosynthetic
thermoacidophiles, chemosynthedic

Question 8

structure of bacteria

Answer 8

unicellular, lack cytoplasm, strand of DNA, capsule, pili, endospore, flagellum, cell wall

Question 9

benefits of bacteria

Answer 9

make vitamins, fix nitrogen for plants, produce oxygen and food, recycle waste, can make drugs

Question 10

harms of bacteria

Answer 10

de-nitrogen fixing bacteria, tooth decay, cause disease and illness, spoil food, damage cros

Question 11

animal like protists and their nutrition and movement

Answer 11

CILIPHORANS, paramecium, use cilia to move around, oral grooves collect food
SARCODINIANS, amoeba, pseudopods, extension of cytoplasm to move and absorb food
ZOOFLAGLLATES, TRICHONYMPHA, MOVE USES FLAGELLA
SPOROZOANS, cant move, rely on host to survuve

Question 12

basics of plant-like protists

Answer 12

autotrophs, contain chlorophyll, all have chlorophyll but masking pigments affect color