Micronutrients Other Flashcards
Iron
Hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, oxidases & oxygenases.
Meats, poultry, liver, legumes, nuts, whole grains, leafy greens.
RDA: 8 mg/d male, 18 female
Iron Tox
Deposited as hemosiderin in reticuloendothelial cells. hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, shock & acidosis, coagulation defects, hepatic failure; in children, 1-2 grams of iron may be fatal.
Iron Def
Most common def. Anemia (MICROcytic, hypochromic), ↓ exercise/work tolerance, fatigue. Low ferritin, Low serum Fe and high TIBC
Iron Def Risk
infants > 6mo, premature. Pregnant women. Chronic disease (hepcidin decrease iron uptake)
Zinc
Regulation of gene expression. growth and tissue proliferation.
animal products; (oysters extremely high)grains, legumes,
RDA: men 11 mg/d; women 8
Zinc Def
Mild: growth delay, anorexia, impaired immune
Moderate: dermatitis (acro-orificial), diarrhea, immune, delayed healing,
Acrodermatitis Entropathica: mutation in enterocyte Zn transporter (ZIP4); fatal if not treated with high doses of Zn
Iodide
Thyroid hormones
Iodized salt, seafood, seaweed
Zinc Def Risk
Infant (breastfed), young. Plant based diets. GI illness, diarrhea. Wounds, burns. Pregnant
Iodide Def
Common. Goiter & cretinism in children. Cretin child: “deaf mutism”) dwarfed, mentally retarded, typical “dull” facies, large tongue
Copper
Oxidative enzymes. Shellfish, meats, nuts.
Copper Def
Mental retardation, seizures, connective tissue defects, fractures
• Anemia, neutropenia, osteoporosis, seborrheic skin lesions
Selenium
Glutathione peroxidase, anti-oxidant.
Foods w/AA (selenomethionine) varies from soil deposition
Selenium Def
Cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, loss of hair pigment, hypothyroidism
• Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy in China
