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Sport Sci > Micronutrient part two lecture 17 > Flashcards

Micronutrient part two lecture 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are minerals divided?

A

Into macro and microminerals based on their occurrence within the body

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2
Q

What diseases can incorrect mineral nutrition be linked to?

A 
Anemia
Diabetes
Cancer
Osetoporosis
Hypertension
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3
Q

What are some functions of minerals?

A

Build tissue i.e bones and Ca
Co-factors in reactions and regulators of metabolism
i.e Mg
Immune function
i.e iron
Are not sources of energy but are required for energetic reactions to occur

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4
Q

What are macominerals?

A

Minerals found in more than 5 g.

per a day typically need 100mg consumption

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5
Q

What is a micromineral?

A

Minerals found in less than 5g mass in body

Dietary need of 1-100mg per day

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6
Q

What are some macrominerals?

A 
Ca
Cl
Mg
K
Na
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7
Q

What are some microminerals?

A

Fe
Zinc
Selenium

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8
Q

How is mineral absorption effected?

A
  • Minerals compete for the same binding site therefore can prevent one another from being absorbed
    i. e Ca and Mg
  • Fiber-mineral interactions decreases Ca absorption
  • Minerals bind to phylates and are excreted in feces and urine
  • Prescription drugs i.e aspiring can inhibit absorption (Ca)
  • Minerals are depleted when drugs are metabolized i.e antiinflammatories
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9
Q

Whats the bodies most abundant mineral?

A

Ca

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10
Q

What does Ca bind with to form crystalline structures?

A

Binds with K to form crystalline structures in the teeth and bones

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11
Q

Whats the role of ionized Ca?

A
  • Muscle contractions
  • Neurotransmission
  • Activity of enzymes
  • Blood clotting
  • Fluid movement across plasma membrane
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12
Q

What does high and low blood calcium result in?

A 
high = bone formation
low = bone demineralisation
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13
Q

What vitmain is required for Ca absorption?

A

Vitamin D

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14
Q

Apart from Ca what other factors influence bone health?

A

Estrogen levels
Alcohol consumption
Caffeine consumption

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15
Q

Whats the RDI of calcium?

A

1000mg (should be more for estrogen deprived women)

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16
Q

How do calcium and energy intake change one another?

A

Both increase, more energy = more Ca intake.

17
Q

How is iron primarily found within the animal meat?

A

60% found in the form of heme

18
Q

Where are non-heme forms of iron found?

A

Both in animals and plants

heme is better absorbed than non-heme

19
Q

At what iron levels does anemia occur?

A

<12g/Di

20
Q

What is iron a part of?

A

Hemoglobin
Myogolbin
Cytochrome c oxidase

= therefore necessary for aerobic metabolism

21
Q

Which class of athletes is anemia a concern for?

A

Endurance athletes particularly women

22
Q

Compared to the normal population with regards to iron, what are athletes?

A

Considered anaemic (sports anemia)

23
Q

What is sports anemia?

A

dilution of normal haemoglobin content by a larger plasma volume.

24
Q

What is the most common cause of proper anemia?

A

Iron defficiency

25
Q

What does anemia result in?

A
  • Can lead to low haemoglobin and fatigue
  • Leads to fatigue with exertion
  • When mild, comes on with strenuous exercise
26
Q

Whats the incidence of iron deficiency?

A

10% of young women are iron deficient and 3-5% are
anaemic.

rare among men

Anemia is dependent on the person

27
Q

Does exercise cause anemia or unmasks it?

A

Evidence says it unmasks it

28
Q

What are some possible causes for ion loss for athletes

A 
GI bleeding (20% recreational runners)
Sweat! (0.3 mg iron lost per 1L)
29
Q

Whats the function of phosphorus in the body?

A

• Combines with calcium, providing rigidity to bone, teeth etc.
• Essential component of ATP and CP.
• Key role in the structure of DNA and RNA
• Participates in buffering acids
• Hydrogen ions are secreted from kidney with aid of
phosphorus

30
Q

Do people get phosphorus deficiency?

A

Rare

31
Q

Whats the function of magnesium?

A
  • Formation of muscle and liver glycogen from glucose
    • Breakdown of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids
    • Conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contraction
    • Function of hormones
    • Synthesis of protein
32
Q

What can depress Mg absorption?

A

Very high levels of Ca

33
Q

Whats the typical consumption of Na and how much do we need?

A

• Daily requirement is 0.5 g and the upper recommended
intake is 2.4 g/day.
• Average consumption is 4-5 g/day

34
Q

How are mineral concentrations in athletes judged?

A

Dietary records are difficult for minerals since bioavailability can vary between foods and people
• Further, blood samples do not always tell you how much is in storage
• However, again mineral intake seems to be adequate if a well balanced diet is consumed.

35
Q

What sort of people would be at risk for mineral difficienes?

A

Diet restricted athletes i.e vegans

Sport Sci (20 decks)

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