Alcohol and cheating

Question 1

Which sports does having a low body weight help performance?

Answer 1

• Running
• Cycling
• Jumping

Thus dietary pressure

Question 2

What are some sporting populations that may have marginal diets?

Answer 2

• Abstinence practices - vegetarianism, veganism etc. • Religious practices
• Travellers
• Training in hot / humid environments • Supplement users (meal replacements etc)

• Sufferers of GI problems (don’t eat)

• Females
• Pregnancy
• Young people

Question 3

How much energy is in a gram of alcohol?

Answer 3

7Kcal or 28KJ

Question 4

How much alcohol do athletes generally consume?

Answer 4

Less than their sedentary counterparts

Question 5

How does alcohol and sport mix generally?

Answer 5

Most social sports revolve around having a beer after the game

Question 6

What sort of effects does alcohol have?

Answer 6

Neuropsychological
Physiological
Impacts on recovery

Question 7

How does alcohol affect neuropsychology?

Answer 7

Neuropsychological effects:
• Central nervous system disinhibition
• reduced pain sensitivity
• reduced anxiety 
• Promotes aggressiveness

Question 8

What are the physiological affects of alcohol?

Answer 8

Physiological effects
• Impaired gluconeogenesis
• Impaired glycogen synthesis
• Diuretic (dehydration)
• Vasodilator

Question 9

How does alcohol affect recovery?

Answer 9

• Increased muscle blood flow leading to increased muscle swelling
• Decreased pain sensitivity encouraging over-use
• failure to observe good practice – RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), to promote recovery

Question 10

Is alcohol prohibited in sport?

Answer 10

Yes in many sports it is banned at a level of 0.7g/kg ,

i.e
Archery
Automobile
Karate
Powerboating

Question 11

What are steroid features?

Answer 11

• Anabolic (cell growth)

- Androgenic (promote male hormone synthesis and therefore development of male characteristics)

Question 12

What do anabolic-androgenic steroids do?

Answer 12

mimic the effects of the male sex hormones increasing protein synthesis, especially in muscle.

Question 13

What are the types of steroid administrations?

Answer 13

• Oral Pill (low bioavailability)
• Injected compounds (IM, butt, deltoid)
• Skin patches (deliver steady low doses)

Question 14

How does steroids affect performance?

Answer 14

Increased protein synthesis=

• Increased muscle mass
  • Enhanced blood volume and hemoglobin concentration
  • Increased bone density and bone strength
  • Rapid healing of soft tissue injuries and training-induced
  stress
  • Decreased body fat
  • Increased immune function
  • Enhanced mood (variable - see Health Implications)

Question 15

What are some health impacts of steroids?

CLS MotherFucker and DADI

Answer 15

Physiological CLS MF
• Cardiovascular problems
• Liverfunction/disease
• SevereAcne
Males:
• atrophy of testicles, breast enlargement, sterility Females:
• masculinizing effects, menstrual irregularities, infertility

Psychological  (DADI)
• Depression
• Aggressiveness “Roid Rage’
• Disturbed sleep
• Increased risk of suicide

Question 16

What is blood doping?

Answer 16

Attempting to increase the number of RBC

Question 17

How can blood doping occur?

Answer 17

• Transfusions

- EPO (erythropoiten)

Question 18

What is blood transfusions?

Answer 18

Athlete’s or a donor’s blood is harvested, then transfused prior to endurance event.

Body quickly regulates excess plasma volume leaving surplus red blood cells.

Unlike many components of blood, the Red Blood Cells can be frozen then thawed without too much damage.

Question 19

What is EPO?

Answer 19

EPO: Hormone responsible for RBC production.

Administered via injection.

Readily available to doctors (used for
treating kidney disorders, cancer chemotherapy etc)

Question 20

What are the dangers of blood doping?

Answer 20

Doping raises blood viscosity therefore increases chances of clotting, sludging problems (heart attack, stroke).

Increased chance of infection due to:
- Puncture wound, needle hygiene (EPO and Transfusion)
- Contamination during harvest, preparation & storage (Transfusion).
Can induce a condition associated with too many RBC (polycythemia).