microcytic anemias

Question 1

what is anemia

Answer 1

decrease in one or more of the major measurements of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or RBC count

Question 2

what are the two classification so anemia

Answer 2

acute and chonic

Question 3

what type of classification is based on reticulocytes response

Answer 3

pathophsiologic

Question 4

what type of anemia is based on RBC mean corpuscular volume

Answer 4

morphologic classification microcyti anemia MCV less than

Question 5

what are some causes of microcytic anemia

Answer 5

iron deficiency , anemia of chronic disease/inflammation, and thalassemia, hemoglobin E and C disease,

Question 6

what are the major ways that we lose iron

Answer 6

skin hair and nails some in the urine but less

Question 7

how does iron get into the RBC

Answer 7

through a transporter named mitoferrin

Question 8

how does iron deficiency lead to a lack of energy

Answer 8

iron is needed for the electron transport chain and without it we cannot make as much energy.

Question 9

tell me about ferroprotein

Answer 9

it regulates the release of iron from the enterocytes and macrophages and is the transporter but is inhibited by hepcidin

Question 10

tell me about hepcidin

Answer 10

made in the liver and found in plasma and urine, causes ferroprotein to be internalized and degraded leading to less iron release into blood. Production of hepcidin is influenced by iron store erythropoeitic activity, hemoglobin , o2 content, and inflammation.

Question 11

what causes iron deficiency

Answer 11

dietary insuficiency, more need as in childhood pregnancy and menstruation, increased iron loss through blood loss, parasitic infestations, blood donation hemodialysis chronic nsaid use. Decreased iron absorption celiac IBD, antacid use

Question 12

what percent of anemia is caused by iron deficiency

Answer 12

35-58%

Question 13

what are some symptoms of iron deficiendy

Answer 13

fatigue heachacks dysphagia restless legs PICA decreased school or work performance

Question 14

what is the first sign of iron deficiency

Answer 14

plasma serum ferratin will be less than 40

Question 15

what does iron deficiency look like in a slide

Answer 15

larger white circle in the middle more than one third and irregular shaped reticulocytes

Question 16

what tests can you use to determine cause of iron deficiency

Answer 16

gi endoscopy, anti endomyseal antibody ciliacs, serum gastrin igG antibody to pylori and urease breath test stool and parasite sample

Question 17

what is the treatment of iron deficiency

Answer 17

ferrous sulfate 325 mg tid

Question 18

what do you use to treat iron deficiency if they have an absorption problems

Answer 18

parenteral iron but can cause anaphylaxis and arthralgia

Question 19

tell me what causes alpha and beta thalassemia

Answer 19

alpha by deletion and beta by deletion or mutation

Question 20

what are some clinical presentation of thalassemia

Answer 20

anemia jaundice and splenomegaly

Question 21

what is the most common genetic disorder in the world

Answer 21

thalassemia.

Question 22

what is the major alpha thalassemia

Answer 22

major fetal hydrops dont have A only the g is fetal so itss fatel

Question 23

how do you treat thalassemia

Answer 23

with major you need the transfusion of RBC and folic acid daily, splenectomy, desferrioxamine to remove excess iron, stemcells transplants cure