microcytic anemias Flashcards
what is anemia
decrease in one or more of the major measurements of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or RBC count
what are the two classification so anemia
acute and chonic
what type of classification is based on reticulocytes response
pathophsiologic
what type of anemia is based on RBC mean corpuscular volume
morphologic classification microcyti anemia MCV less than
what are some causes of microcytic anemia
iron deficiency , anemia of chronic disease/inflammation, and thalassemia, hemoglobin E and C disease,
what are the major ways that we lose iron
skin hair and nails some in the urine but less
how does iron get into the RBC
through a transporter named mitoferrin
how does iron deficiency lead to a lack of energy
iron is needed for the electron transport chain and without it we cannot make as much energy.
tell me about ferroprotein
it regulates the release of iron from the enterocytes and macrophages and is the transporter but is inhibited by hepcidin
tell me about hepcidin
made in the liver and found in plasma and urine, causes ferroprotein to be internalized and degraded leading to less iron release into blood. Production of hepcidin is influenced by iron store erythropoeitic activity, hemoglobin , o2 content, and inflammation.
what causes iron deficiency
dietary insuficiency, more need as in childhood pregnancy and menstruation, increased iron loss through blood loss, parasitic infestations, blood donation hemodialysis chronic nsaid use. Decreased iron absorption celiac IBD, antacid use
what percent of anemia is caused by iron deficiency
35-58%
what are some symptoms of iron deficiendy
fatigue heachacks dysphagia restless legs PICA decreased school or work performance
what is the first sign of iron deficiency
plasma serum ferratin will be less than 40
what does iron deficiency look like in a slide
larger white circle in the middle more than one third and irregular shaped reticulocytes
what tests can you use to determine cause of iron deficiency
gi endoscopy, anti endomyseal antibody ciliacs, serum gastrin igG antibody to pylori and urease breath test stool and parasite sample
what is the treatment of iron deficiency
ferrous sulfate 325 mg tid
what do you use to treat iron deficiency if they have an absorption problems
parenteral iron but can cause anaphylaxis and arthralgia
tell me what causes alpha and beta thalassemia
alpha by deletion and beta by deletion or mutation
what are some clinical presentation of thalassemia
anemia jaundice and splenomegaly
what is the most common genetic disorder in the world
thalassemia.
what is the major alpha thalassemia
major fetal hydrops dont have A only the g is fetal so itss fatel
how do you treat thalassemia
with major you need the transfusion of RBC and folic acid daily, splenectomy, desferrioxamine to remove excess iron, stemcells transplants cure
