Hemolytic Anemia

Question 1

what is hemolytic anemia

Answer 1

the RBC is being destroyed before its time

Question 2

what are the classification schemes of hemolytic anemia’s

Answer 2

by site of destruction, by aquired or congenital, and by mechanism of red blood cell damage.

Question 3

what is the most common presentation of hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

jaundice look under tongue, pallor and anemia, discoloration of urine, gallstones?, splenomegaly yes.

Question 4

what do you look for in the lab tests for hemolytic anemia

Answer 4

haptoglobin levels are decreased=hemolysis, LDH elevate lactate dehydrogenase in intra and extravascular hemolysis, reticulocyte count elevated suggests a hyperproliferative bone marrow, elevated bilirubin indirect, and high urin hemosiderin .

Question 5

what is G6pd deficiency

Answer 5

x linked african or mediterian, oxidative stress fava beans, infections, produces a bite cells peppered spot, heinz bodies

Question 6

tell me about pyruvate kinase deficiency

Answer 6

hemolytic crsis with oxidative stress, more likely to cause hemolytic anemia than g6pd, mechanism not clearly understood, give folate but mostly supportive

Question 7

what are patients with sickle cell anemia prone to aquire

Answer 7

encapsulated organisms like salmonella give vaccines.

Question 8

what is hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 8

european pop known anemic history, irregular cells get chronic hemolysis, diagnosed with osmotic fragility test how much time before cells burst because of too many pores, give folate supplementation genetic counseling, occasionally splenectomy to prolong red cell survival.

Question 9

what is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Answer 9

rare acquired, defective PIG-A gene, variable degree of intravascular hemolysis leading to chronic hemoglobinuria and iron deficiency , use flow cytrometry assay for cd55 and cd59, treat with steroids corticosteroids, anticoagulants for thrombolytic events,

Question 10

what are autoimmune hemolytic anemias

Answer 10

warm are coombs test positive are IgG treatment with corticosteroids, and coombs test negative are cold IgM steroids ineffective

Question 11

what are some drugs that can cause anemias

Answer 11

penicillins, quinine, methyldopa, certain cephalosporin antibiotic are known culprits.