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hematology > malaria > Flashcards

malaria Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of the world pop lives in an endemic area of maleria

A

41.00%

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2
Q

how many species of plasmodium cause malaria in humans

A

p. falciparum, p. vivax, p. malariae, p. ovale, p knowlesi malaysia

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3
Q

what species cause maleria most commonly

A

falciparum from africa 40% and vivax from asia 14.6%

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4
Q

what are the two stages of malaria

A

hepatic stage and then blood stage

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5
Q

what species can take on a hypnozoite form and can relapse

A

vivax and ovale can stay in a dormant form and relapse if not treated correctly.

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6
Q

what is malaria paroxysm

A

fever chills headache muscle ache accompanied by the lysis of RBC at the same time

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7
Q

what species give you a 2 day cycle a four day and a high for two days

A

vivax and ovale every 48 falciparum not as sequenced and malariae every 72.

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8
Q

what is the most severe form of malaria or malignant tertian

A

falciparum is the worst less time between the fever stages, progresses raplidy

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9
Q

what is the most severe complication of malaria

A

cerebral malaria coma and seizure follow 4-5 days with fever 15-20% mortality

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10
Q

what are some other complication

A

anemia hypoglycemia lactic acidosis renal failure

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11
Q

what are the benign tertain malarias

A

vivax and ovale incubation 2-3 weeks can be dormant for years but can cause splenic rupture hypnozoite 8-40 weeks,

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12
Q

what are the quartan malarias

A

Malariae 3-6 weeks of incubation recrudenscence occur due to persistent low level of parasitemia up to 52 years knowlesi1-2weeks of incubation more acutely than other malarias due to its 24 hour replication cyce daily fevers rapid parasitemia.

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13
Q

what species infect mature and young RBC

A

falciparum and knowlesi

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14
Q

what species intect only young RBC

A

vivax and ovale

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15
Q

what species infect only older erythrocytes

A

malariae only likes the older cells.

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16
Q

what are the three mechanisms involved in pathogenis of anemi

A

1 RBC lysis bu mature asexual parasites, 2 supression of erythropoeisis by cytokines TNF a and IL13. Destruction of RBC by the spleen

17
Q

severe anemia is most likely seen in what species

A

falciparum can effect up to 20% of circulation RBC

18
Q

what are so other sympotoms of malaria

A

splenomegoly, hypoglycemia lactic acidosis microvascular sequestration coma seizures

19
Q

how do you diagnosis malaria

A

clinical syndrome travel history and blood smear positive for parasites thin and thick

20
Q

what does falciparum look like in a smear

A

only rigns and gametocytes PURPLE BANANAS normal RBC shape.

21
Q

what does vivax and ovale look like in a smear

A

large pale RBC schuffer dots and all stages present

22
Q

what does malariae look like on a smear

A

BAND FORMS no dots or stippling all stages present.

23
Q

what does the immonodiagnosis test tell us

A

falciparum or other

24
Q

what are some genetic mutations that give some resistance

A

sickle cell thalassemia G6PD southeast asian ovalocytosis, absence of duffy blood group antigen

25
Q

what does babesia come from

A

a tick bite from rodents and cattle are the reservoir

26
Q

what are the symptoms of babesia

A

fever chills myalgia hemolytic anemia many are asymptomatic

27
Q

what would put you at a higher risk of babesia

A

elderly asplenic immunosuppressed

28
Q

how do you diagnos babesia

A

blood smear with a MALTESE CROSS

29
Q

how do you treat babesia

A

quinine and clindamycin

30
Q

what do most drugs treat in malaria, what form

A

blood forms.

31
Q

what is chloroquine

A

kills intra erythrocytic forms, orally phrophalactic but has a resistance that has been used, use west of panama canal mexico haiti and domincan replublic

32
Q

tell me about quinine

A

poor therapeutic to toxic ratio, can cause cinchonism hearing problems and nausea, can cause hypoglycemia

33
Q

tell me about mefloquine

A

derivative of quinine, well tolorated all species treated can cause psychiatric symptoms.

34
Q

tell me about docycline

A

prophylaxis and treatment. Photosensitivey dermatiits and staining of teeth in children dont use in kids an pregnancy

35
Q

tell me about primaquine

A

only drug that will treat agains hyponozoites in liver ovale and vivax, given after clinical cure, can cause RBC lysis in person with G6PD deficiency so always look for a G6PD status

hematology (11 decks)

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