hematology1 Flashcards
what is hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
how high can your hematocrit get with EPO
80% much higher than normal 50%
what is the life span of the different blood cell types
RBS 120 days, Platelets 7-10 days, Lymphocytes years, Granulocytes 6-8 hours.
what blood cell type has the most progenitor cells in the bone marrow
Granulocytes due to the low life span
what percent of bone marrow cells are stem cells
.1-.01
what do bone marrow stomal cells do?
they contribute to the microenvirnment by binding the primitive stem cells and help them develop but the mature once are nonadherent.
what do cytokines do
they are chemical messengers that will help the cells understand what they will need to form into
what is G-CSF
released by macrophages at the inflammatory site circulates to bone marrow and will induce productoin/release of neutrophils Granulocytes cytokine stimulating factor.
What is EPO
produced/released but the peritubular interstitial cells in kidney in response to hypoxia. In bone marrow induces production and release of RBS increased oxygen pressure inhibits production of EPO
what does TGF beta
downregulation of stem cell growth decreases cell surface receptors for growth, differentiation Inhibits bone marrow
What is G-CSF used for clinically
mobilize stem cells so you can harvest them, stimulate granulopoiesis following chemotherapy so decreased infections.
what is GM-CSF used to treat
helps myeloid cell recovery in bone marrow transplant patients but is more toxic than G-CSF
what is EPO used to treat
anemia or renal insufficiency
what is extramedullary hematopoisis take place
spleen and liver when bone marrow dysfunction
what happens when a blood cell mature, the 4 changes.
cell size will decrease, nuclear cytoplasmic ration decreases, nucleoli decrease in number and disappear, and cytoplasmic will turn darker to ligher blue and RNA will decrease.
what does a increase in band forms in the blood signify in neutrophils
it means that we have a shift to the left and we have less mature forms. This is seen in certain bacterial infections.
what do monocytes mature into
macrophages when they reach the target tissue
what are the three types of lymphocytes
T cells and b cells, acquired immunity, and natural killer cells are part of innate immunity
what happens to self reactive b cells
they die in the bone marrow
what happens thymocytes or T cells that are self reactive
they die in the thymus
where do platelets come from
megakaryocytes undergo endomitosis is nuclear division without cytoplasm division, and then they start to pinch off the cytoplasm when needed.
what is absolute cell count
provides the quantity of each cell type per unit volume,
what is the differential count
relative count gives the percent of each cell type.
what are reticulocytes and what do then indicate when the value changes
one step away from a full fledged RBC, and they are about 1% but when they go up it could indicate anemia body cant keep up with RBC needs.
