hematology1

Question 1

what is hematopoiesis

Answer 1

formation of blood cells

Question 2

how high can your hematocrit get with EPO

Answer 2

80% much higher than normal 50%

Question 3

what is the life span of the different blood cell types

Answer 3

RBS 120 days, Platelets 7-10 days, Lymphocytes years, Granulocytes 6-8 hours.

Question 4

what blood cell type has the most progenitor cells in the bone marrow

Answer 4

Granulocytes due to the low life span

Question 5

what percent of bone marrow cells are stem cells

Answer 5

.1-.01

Question 6

what do bone marrow stomal cells do?

Answer 6

they contribute to the microenvirnment by binding the primitive stem cells and help them develop but the mature once are nonadherent.

Question 7

what do cytokines do

Answer 7

they are chemical messengers that will help the cells understand what they will need to form into

Question 8

what is G-CSF

Answer 8

released by macrophages at the inflammatory site circulates to bone marrow and will induce productoin/release of neutrophils Granulocytes cytokine stimulating factor.

Question 9

What is EPO

Answer 9

produced/released but the peritubular interstitial cells in kidney in response to hypoxia. In bone marrow induces production and release of RBS increased oxygen pressure inhibits production of EPO

Question 10

what does TGF beta

Answer 10

downregulation of stem cell growth decreases cell surface receptors for growth, differentiation Inhibits bone marrow

Question 11

What is G-CSF used for clinically

Answer 11

mobilize stem cells so you can harvest them, stimulate granulopoiesis following chemotherapy so decreased infections.

Question 12

what is GM-CSF used to treat

Answer 12

helps myeloid cell recovery in bone marrow transplant patients but is more toxic than G-CSF

Question 13

what is EPO used to treat

Answer 13

anemia or renal insufficiency

Question 14

what is extramedullary hematopoisis take place

Answer 14

spleen and liver when bone marrow dysfunction

Question 15

what happens when a blood cell mature, the 4 changes.

Answer 15

cell size will decrease, nuclear cytoplasmic ration decreases, nucleoli decrease in number and disappear, and cytoplasmic will turn darker to ligher blue and RNA will decrease.

Question 16

what does a increase in band forms in the blood signify in neutrophils

Answer 16

it means that we have a shift to the left and we have less mature forms. This is seen in certain bacterial infections.

Question 17

what do monocytes mature into

Answer 17

macrophages when they reach the target tissue

Question 18

what are the three types of lymphocytes

Answer 18

T cells and b cells, acquired immunity, and natural killer cells are part of innate immunity

Question 19

what happens to self reactive b cells

Answer 19

they die in the bone marrow

Question 20

what happens thymocytes or T cells that are self reactive

Answer 20

they die in the thymus

Question 21

where do platelets come from

Answer 21

megakaryocytes undergo endomitosis is nuclear division without cytoplasm division, and then they start to pinch off the cytoplasm when needed.

Question 22

what is absolute cell count

Answer 22

provides the quantity of each cell type per unit volume,

Question 23

what is the differential count

Answer 23

relative count gives the percent of each cell type.

Question 24

what are reticulocytes and what do then indicate when the value changes

Answer 24

one step away from a full fledged RBC, and they are about 1% but when they go up it could indicate anemia body cant keep up with RBC needs.