Microbiome & Microbiota Flashcards
Microbiome?
Functional collection of different microbes and the system
Microbiota?
Different types of organims in an environmental habitat
Mapping?
16s rRNA
Development of biomarkers, therapies, probiotics
Most abundant in the gut?
H. pylori
Other genera - BAFFP?
Bacteriodates Firmicutes Actinobacteria Fusobacteria Proteobacteria
Enterotypes?
Bacteriodates
Prevotella
Ruminocolus
Fermentation in colon?
Bacteriodates - obligate anaerobes
Gram+
Fermentation of cellulose and pectin?
Firmicutes - VFA, CO2, H2, CH4
Other in colon products?
B12, K, Steroids, EAA-metabolites
Goblet cells?
Produce mucin with antimicrobial peptins
Oral cavity enzymes?
Saliva with lysozyme and lacto peroxidase
Any bacteria in mouth?
Bacteria that mostly colonize by biofilms
Faculative aerobes
Some obligate anaerobes and aerobes
Upper resp. tract?
Staphylococci
Strepthococci
Gram- cocci
Lower resp. tract?
Celiated epithelial cells that push to upper tract
Kidneys and bladder?
Sterile
Distal urethra?
Faculative aerobes - PM and E. Coli
Enterotypes Vagina?
5 enterotypes of lactobacillus
Acidopiles -> polysaccaride to lactic acid
Functions of Skin?
Prevent dehydration and barrier for intruders
Diversity in skin (environments)?
Depends on the micro environments
Moist - firmicutes
Dry - actinobacteria
Sebaceus - actinobacteria
@ young age?
Actinobacteria - gene products that produce K2, B6, B7
@ older age?
B1, B5, B12
Factors during aging?
Diversity and ratio of bacteriodates and firmicutes
Stable species?
Bacteriodates
Actinobacteria
Breastfeeding?
Lactobacillus and B. longum
B. longum?
Breaks down unusual oligosaccharides, block pathogen receptors and produces SFA.
Used as a probiotic
IBD?
Imbalance between immunesystem and gut microbiota
Dysbiosis?
Disruption in the homestasis of gut and host microbiota.
Leaky gut?
Gut pathogen that activates the specific immunesystem
Obesity?
Host genes that increases uptake of lipids and glucose. The breakdown of VFA, acetate, propionate and buturate -> H2 fermentation and the products is correlated to obesity.
Diet high in fibers?
Fermentation leads to the VFA that binds to receptors and increases the amount of satiety hormones.
Oral disease?
Streptoccous - Caries
Low diversity - Chronic peridonditis
Skin disease?
P. acnes
Vagina disease?
High Candida - Vaginitis
T. vaginalis and Protozoan - Vaginosis
Resilience & resistant?
Return during a short period of time.
Resisting.
Pro- and prebiotics?
Live bacteria - B. longum and Lactobacillus
Plant nutrients as microbial growth
