Metabolism Flashcards
Chemical energy?
Energy stored in bonds of a substance and the energy released when the substance is tranformed to another substance.
Growth / factors?
”+” and Se
AA, vitamins, nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines
Heterotrophs?
C obtained from organic compounds
Autotrophs?
C from CO2
Phototrophs?
Pigments + light
Chemotrophs?
Differentiated as:
Chemolitotrophs - inorganic compounds
H2, H2S, NH4+, Fe2+
Chemoorganotrophs - organic chemicals
Redoxtower?
Describes the redoxpotential of compounds
Strongest donors @ top
Strongest acceptors @ bottom
Reduction potential?
The tendency to donate or accept electrons.
The higher difference between the acceptor and donor –> The more energy is released and available
Anaerobes?
Uses other electron acceptors than aerobes
Electron acceptors?
NO3 - –> NO2
Fe3+ –> Fe2+
SO42- –> H2S
CO2 –> CH4
Acceptors vs. Oxygen?
All have lower reduction potential than O2 and thus conserves less energy in comparison.
Electrontransport?
The respiration requires an e-transport to generate a proton motif force and to provide ATP through ATP-ase.
Fermentation?
Ex. of anaerobic metabolism where organic compounds accepts and donates electrons to achieve redoxbalance
The how and what now….?
Ex. in the glycolysis pyruvate is reduced by a NADH-containing enzyme to fermentation products.
Yeast –> CO2 + ethanol
Bacteria –> Lactate
The redusction restores the oxidated NAD+ so that the glycolysis can continue.
Recap from organic chemistry….always remember
Hydrolysis –> H2O breaks bonds in polymer
Dehydration –> H2O is released when bonds in a polymer is created.
Hydration –> H2O is added for example to an alkane to give an alcohol.
