Clinical microbiology 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Introduction

A

Fast and correct identification are important

Correct treatment of patient
Decrease spread of infection

Lab samples

Correctly collected, stored and transported

Good collaboration is key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Remissen?

A

Sample type Enough sample and few contaminents

Sample-topical - From where and circumstances

Transport time - correct T?

Infection started?

Traveling - lab has to broaden the analysis

Prev. or ongoing treatment - antibiotic-allergies

Condition of patient - Low immune status broaden the analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collecting?

A

Swabs made from different material with high absorbency

  • Transport media included
  • Fibers on swab act as a brush
  • Releasing sample.material to solution

Several analysis from one sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Direct methods?

A

Specific bacterial species with different methods

  • Growth and identification -long time
  • Nucleic acids - short
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indirect methods?

A

Traces from microorganisms

  • Levels of antibodies
  • Toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Defined media?

A

Defined amount of pure chemicals in deionized water - exact composition, qualitative and quantitative is unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complex media?

A

Digested products and the exact composition is unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Agar?

A

A complex polysaccharide from marine algae - bacteria cannot degrade it melts at 85 and solidify at 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enriched growth media?

A

Supplemented with specific growth factors to improve growth of specific pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Selective growth media?

A

Supplemented with substances that slectively inhibits growth to some

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Differential growth media?

A

Supplemented with an indicator that reacts on special chemical reactions and can be used to differentiate between species. Often based on changes in pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hemolysis?

A

Many bacteria produces hemolysins

alphahemolysins - green color
betahemolysins - total hemolysis
gammahemolysis - No hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood-culturing?

A

Anaerobic - organe
Aerobic - green
Pediatric/children - yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Procedure?

A

8-10 is added to each flask and 2-4 per patient

Positive cultures - gram staining or selective - differential agar
MALDI-TOF after 6h
Resistance testing - KirbyBauer test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Direct methods?

A

MALDITOF - gold standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chromogenic agar?

A

Inoculation to chrome-agar

- Differential media and contains biochemical markers - specific colony = specific color

17
Q

PCR?

A

DNA and fast nucleic acid from both living and dead organisms

18
Q

Quick tests?

A

No equipment and < 30 min to perform and max 2 reagents

19
Q

Indirect methods?

A

Urinanalysis - nitrate to nitrite

Nitrite positive - E. coli Klebsiella spp and Proteus spp

Nitrite negative - Staphyloccus spp enteroccus spp Pseudomonas spp

20
Q

Sources of error - Nitrite test?

A

False negative

  • Short bladder incubation time
  • Low bacterial concentration
  • Low nitrite concentration
  • High intake of Vit C

False positive

  • Intenesely colored urine
  • Medication
21
Q

Source of error - Leucocyte test?

A

False negative
- Tetracycline

False positive
- Discolored urine

22
Q

UTI’s?

A
Semi-quantitaive estimations
- Growth method that determines CFU/ml 
Two media is needed 
- Blood agar as reference media 
CLED-media 
- Differential but not selective 
- Lack electrolytes 
Chromogenic agar 

10 microl on agarplates

  • Plastic loop
  • Micropipette and plastic loop

> 10 microL generates more accurate results

23
Q

Resistance testing?

A

MIC - bacteria in tubes with increasing concentration of antibiotics

Kirby-Bauer - incubated on agar with paper discs containing antibiotics

S - sensitive = standard dose
I - Intermediate = Higher dose req.
R - Resistant = cannot use