Clinical microbiology 2 Flashcards
Introduction
Fast and correct identification are important
Correct treatment of patient
Decrease spread of infection
Lab samples
Correctly collected, stored and transported
Good collaboration is key
Remissen?
Sample type Enough sample and few contaminents
Sample-topical - From where and circumstances
Transport time - correct T?
Infection started?
Traveling - lab has to broaden the analysis
Prev. or ongoing treatment - antibiotic-allergies
Condition of patient - Low immune status broaden the analysis
Collecting?
Swabs made from different material with high absorbency
- Transport media included
- Fibers on swab act as a brush
- Releasing sample.material to solution
Several analysis from one sample
Direct methods?
Specific bacterial species with different methods
- Growth and identification -long time
- Nucleic acids - short
Indirect methods?
Traces from microorganisms
- Levels of antibodies
- Toxins
Defined media?
Defined amount of pure chemicals in deionized water - exact composition, qualitative and quantitative is unknown
Complex media?
Digested products and the exact composition is unknown
Agar?
A complex polysaccharide from marine algae - bacteria cannot degrade it melts at 85 and solidify at 40
Enriched growth media?
Supplemented with specific growth factors to improve growth of specific pathogens
Selective growth media?
Supplemented with substances that slectively inhibits growth to some
Differential growth media?
Supplemented with an indicator that reacts on special chemical reactions and can be used to differentiate between species. Often based on changes in pH.
Hemolysis?
Many bacteria produces hemolysins
alphahemolysins - green color
betahemolysins - total hemolysis
gammahemolysis - No hemolysis
Blood-culturing?
Anaerobic - organe
Aerobic - green
Pediatric/children - yellow
Procedure?
8-10 is added to each flask and 2-4 per patient
Positive cultures - gram staining or selective - differential agar
MALDI-TOF after 6h
Resistance testing - KirbyBauer test
Direct methods?
MALDITOF - gold standard