Microbiology/Pathology Exam Flashcards by Joshua Margolis

Malaria is spread through which of the following vectors?

Fleas
Human body lice
Mosquitoes
Ticks

Mosquitoes

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Which of the following refers to fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails?

Kuru
Owl’s eyes
Thrush
Tineas

Tineas

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Which of the following diseases is spread through handling contaminated cat feces?

Cryptosporidiosis
Giardia
Histoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis

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Which of the following microorganisms causes African trypanosomiasis and is spread by the tsetse fly?

Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Viruses

Protozoa

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Which of the following is the most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States?

Amebiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Giardiasis
Toxoplasmosis

Giardiasis

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What is the study of those life forms that require the aid of a microscope to be seen?

Microbiology
Myology
Pathology
Zoology

Microbiology

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What is the science of structure and form without regard to function?

Morphology
Myology
Physiology
Protozoology

Morphology

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Bacteria typically reproduces by a process called

autotrophism
binary fission
osmosis
parasitism

binary fission

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The process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms on a substance by exposure to cehmical or physical agents, exposure to ionizing radiation or by filtering gas or liquids through porous matrerials that remove microorganisms is called

boiling
fumigation
scrubbing
sterilization

sterilization

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The state or condition in which the body, or part of it, is invaded by a pathogenic agent that under favorable conditions multiplies and produces injurious effects is called

attenuation
contamination
infection
infestation

infection

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A substance that induces the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it is a(n)

antigen
gastric juice
interferon
lysozyme

antigen

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The genus of the organism with the pathogenicity of tetanus or lockjaw is

clostridium
corynebacterium
granciscella
salmonella

clostridium

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The causative organism in primary atypical pneumonia is

klebsiella
mycobacterium
mycoplasma
streptococcus

mycoplasma

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They differ from bacteria in that they are obligate parasites requiring living cells for growth, and differ from viruses in that they are retined by the Berkefeld filter. They are

proteus
rickettsia
shigella
vibrio

rickettsia

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Which of the following terms refers to viral infections that favor the body’s abdominal organs?

Dermatropic
Pneumotropic
Neurotropic
Viscerotropic

Viscerotropic

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Skin lesions caused by the herpes zoster virus are known as which of the following?

Dermatomycoses
Ringworms
Shingles
Trypanosomiasis

Shingles

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The first vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner, and it was a vaccine for which of the following?

Chickenpox
Measles
Polio
Smallpox

Smallpox

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Orchitis and sterility can result from which of the following diseases?

Mononucleosis
Mumps
Poliomyelitis
Rabies

Mumps

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Which of the following types of hepatitis is spread throguh contact with blood and body fluids?

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D

Hepatitis B

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A genus of microorganisms that causes a wide spread of diseases in man and animals, including ornithosis, lumphogranuloma vereum and trachoma is

chlamydia
mycoplasma
rickettsia
treponema

chlamydia

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A minute organism not visible with an ordianry light microsope is a

bacteria
fungi
protozoa
virus

virus

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Which of the following is NOT a fungal infection?

Candidasis
Cryptococcosis
Dermatomycosis
Giardiasis

Giardiasis

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Which of the following is the causative organism in amebic dysentery?

Clostridium perfringens
Entamoeba histolytica
Pheumocystis carinii
Plasmodium malaria

Entamoeba histolytica

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A disease often associated with improperly cooked pork is called

hepatitis
malaria
pneumonia
trichinosis

trichinosis

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Viruses are unaffected by the action of antibodies antibiotics interferon phagocytes

antibiotics

An organism that feeds on dead organic matter only is a faculative aerobe faculative anaerobe strict parasite strict saprophyte

strict saprophyte

Which of the following is true concerning a child who has been dignoised with Rubeola? Active immunity will be established Antobiotic therapy will minimize severity Relapse will likely occur Subsequent exposures will result in serious illness

Active immunity will be established

Rickettsia rickettsii is: 1. A flea-borne disease 2. A tick-borne disease 3. Inclusion conjuctivitis 4. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 1 and 3 1 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4

2 and 4

Which of the following are true of malignant neoplasms? 1. Causes tissue change 2. Grows by expansion 3. Grows by infiltration 4. Resembles the tissue of origin 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4

1 and 3

Pneumococci usually leaves the body through the blood feces nose and mouth urine

nose and mouth

Which of the following microorganisms has a characterisitc fried-egg appearance? Chlamydia pneumonia Coxiella burnetii Mycoplasma pneumonia Rickettsia Rickettsii

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Which of the folloiwng diseases is characterized by the presence of a measles-like rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Lymphogranuloma vernereum Rocky Mountain spotted fever Q fever Tuberculosis

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

In which of the following diseases might the tongue be covered with a white fur or discolored black and rolled up in the back of the mouth? Endemic typhus Epidemic typhus Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Epidemic typhus

Which of the followign microorganisms undergoes both an infectious stage of growth and a non-infectious stage of growth? Chlamydia Mycobacteria Mycoplasmas Rickettsia

Chlamydia

Which of the following microorganisms is the smallest free-living organism in nature? Chlamydia Mycobacteria Mycoplasmas Rickettsia

Mycoplasmas

Which of the following is characrerisitic of the primary stage of syphilis? A chancre appears on the genitals A rash is present on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet Cardiac failure and paralysis occur Rubber-like lesions called gummas appear on the body

A chancre appears on the genitals

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a bull's-eye rash? Anthrax Legionnaires' disease Lyme disease Toxic shock syndrome

Lyme disease

Which of the following diseases is caused by a spirochete? Botulism Gas gangrene Food poisoning Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis

Which of the following diseases is characterized by sore throat, fever, fatigue, swelling of the neck and a tough grayish pseudomembrane in the throat? Diptheria Rheumatic fever Shigellosis Typhoid

Diptheria

Corynebacteria have been shown to cause which of the following types of infections in humans? Abdominal cramps, diarrhea with pus, rice-water stool and bloody vomiting Endocarditis, urinary infections and respiratory illness after contact with infected sheep Paralysis, demyelization of peripheral neurons, colitis and enteritis Stomach ulcers, meningitis and pneumonia

Endocarditis, urinary infections and respiratory illness after contact with infected sheep

Which of the following portals of exit and entry allow the spread of pathogens causing tetanus, malria, African sleeping sickness, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, dysentery, rabies, typhus fever and bubonic plague? Digestive tract Genitourinary tract Respiratory tract Skin and mucous membranes

Skin and mucous membranes

Which of the following is a carrier, usually an insect or other anthropod, that transmits the causative organism of disease from infected to non-infected individuals? Host Pathogen Reservior Vector

Vector

Which of the following describes infection caused by bacteria that are rnormally non-pathogenic and that normally inhabit the digestive tract? Endogenous infection Exogenous infection Mixed infection Opportunistic infection

Opportunistic infection

Which of the following desribes the state or condition in which the body, or part of the body, is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects? Aerosolization Attenuation Contamination Infection

Infection

Which of the following is a chemical enzyme in the body that uses water to break down the peptidoglycan layer in prokaryotic pathogens? Antibody Immunoglobulin Interferon Lysozyme

Lysozyme

Which of the following is the process of completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores or their products on or in a substance? Antisepsis Disinfection Scrubbing Sterlization

Sterlization

Which of the following physical methods of sterilization incoporates both free-flowing steam and pressure? Autoclaves Boiling Cremation Incineration

Autoclaves

Which of the following is a concentrated liquid form of formaldehyde which is 37% formaldhyde by mass and 40% by volume? Cepacol Glutaraldehyde Formalin Tincture

Formalin

Which of the following types of disinfectants includes benzalkonium chloride? Bleaches Halogens Phenols Quaternary ammonium compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Which of the following is an effective disinfectant and a cold chemical sterilant? Glutaraldehyde Halogens Iodine Isopropyl alcohol

Glutaraldehyde

Which of the following types of microorganisms would be most likely to survive in the dry air of the American Southwest? Bacteria Fungi Prions Viruses

Fungi

Why do yeast infections occur more frequently in the vagina than other areas of the body? The fungi that cause yeast infections are indigenous to the vagina and cannot survive anywhere else The fungi that cause yeast infections only grow on the penis and are spread sexually The fungi causing yeast infections require more moist areas of the body to grow The vagina is more acidic and supports the growth of the fungi that cause yeast infections

The vagina is more acidic and supports the growth of the fungi that cause yeast infections

Which of the folloiwng are bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures and grow best between 25 and 40 degree C? Facultative Mesophiles Psychrophiles Thermophiles

Mesophiles

Which of the following terms describes the need for viruses, viroids and prions to live only in a host cell due to their lack of internal structures that produce energy or utilize nutrients? Heterotrophs Microaerophilic Obligate parasites Saproytes

Obligate parasites

Which of the following refers to organisms that only survive on dead or decaying organic matter? Autotrophic microbes Obligate anaerobes Obligate saprohytes Strict parasites

Obligate saprohytes

Which of the follwoing is a sticky, gelatinous coating that surrounds the cell wall of prokaryotic cells? Fimbriae Flagella Glycocalyx Pili

Glycocalyx

Which of the following is not a characterisitc of gram-positive bacteria? They are killed easily by penicillin and sulfonamide drugs They are more permeable to basic dyes They have a cell wall composed of few lipids They have less complex nutritional requirements

They have less complex nutritional requirements

Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which the cell splits into two parts, each of which develops into a complete individual? Binary fission Endospore formation Sporulation Vegetation

Binary fission

Bacteria shaped like a sphere are known as which of the following? Bacillus Coccus Spirilla Spirochete

Coccus

Which of the following refers to bacteria with a spiral or helical shape? Spirillum Spirochete Streptobacilli Vibrio

Spirillum

The belief that life-forms can spontaneously appear from nonliving matter is known as which of the following? Cell theory Germ theory Magic Bullet theory Spontaneous generation

Spontaneous generation

When first seen by scientists through a microscope, microorganisms and cells were referred to as which of the following? Animalcules Cells Little boxes Vacca

Animalcules

Which of the following refers to the theory that the growth of microorganisms can be controlled because living cells can only arise from pre-exisiting living cells? Cell theory Germ theory Spontaneous gerneration Theory of Biogenesis

Theory of Biogenesis

Which of the following refers to the theory that microorganisms cause disease? Cell theory Germ theory Spontaneous generation Theory of Biogenesis

Germ theory

Which of the following refers to the theory that all living beings are composed of individual cells? Cell theory Germ theory Spontaneous generation Theory of Biogenesis

Cell theory

An infection of the tonsils in which the tonsils become infamed is known as which of the following? Hodgkin's lymphoma Lymphangitis Lymphoma Tonsilitis

Tonsilitis

Which of the following may occur in cases of sickle cell anemia? Lymphadenopathy Lymphangitis Lymphoma Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly

Which of the following diseases is the result of a proliferation of lymphocytes and leukocytes within a lymph node or by the presence of a tumor in a lymph node? Lymphadenopathy Lymphangitis Lymphoma Splenomegaly

Lymphadenopathy

Which of the following refers to a collection of many varied lymphomas? Hodgkin's Leukemia Lymphadenopathy Non-Hodgkin's

Non-Hodgkin's

Which of the following disorders is characterized by red streaks extrending from the infected area to the axillary space or groin? Leukemia Lymphadenopathy Lymphangitis Lymhoma

Lymphangitis

Which of the following lesions is indicative of the tertiary stage of syphilis? A chancre A cold sore A gumma A red rash on the soles of the feet

A gumma

Which of the following is noted by the presence of silvery scales on the skin? Eczema Psoriasis Seborrhea Vitiligo

Psoriasis

Which of the following is related to the application of cosmetics or hormonal changes? Acne Eczema Seborrhea Syphilis

Acne

Which of the following is a localized collection of pus that results from invasion of a pyogenic bacterium or other pathogen? Abcess Chancre Gumma Papule

Abcess

Which of the following disorders of the integument is characterized by depigmentation of the skin? Acne Eczema Psoriasis Vitiligo

Vitiligo

A goiter is an excessive growth of which of the following glands? Adrenal Parathyroid Pituitary Thyroid

Thyroid

Which of the following is characterized by arrested physical and mental development, dystrophy of the bones and lowered basal metabolism? Cretinism Hyperparathyroidism Hyperthyroidism Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Cretinism

Which of the following is not associated with hyperparathyroidism? Aldosterone Chvostek's sign Tetany Trousseau's sign

Aldosterone

Which of the following results from an excess of the hormone cortisol? Addison's Disease Cushing's Syndrome Down Syndrome Graves' Disease

Cushing's Syndrome

Which of the following is a disorder occuring when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone? Addison's Disease Cushing's Syndrome Graves' Disease Hypoparathyroidism

Addison's Disease

Which of the following is a development disorder of the spine in which the spinal column exhibits a lateral curvature? Cystic Fibrosis Rickets Scoliosis Spina Bifida

Scoliosis

Which of the following is an inflammatory disorder of the bone marrow resulting from pyogenic bacteria? Osteoarthritis Osteomalacia Osteomyelitis Osteoporosis

Osteomyelitis

Which of the following disorders often results in a "humped" back? Bursitis Down Syndrome Osteomyelitits Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is not a sign of arthritis? Abcess formation in the joints Lack of flexibility of the joints Redness Swelling of the joints

Abcess formation in the joints

Which of the following types of fractures may be indicative of physical abuse? Compound fracture of the finger Depressed fracture of the pelvis Impacted fracture of the scapula Twisting fracture of the forearm

Twisting fracture of the forearm

When treating hydrocele, which of the following procedures should be followed? 1. Aspirate the edemetous area by needle aspiration directly through the scrotum using several points of injection to reach all areas of edemetous fluid. 2. Aspirate the edemetous fluid through a trocar inserted in the abdomen and directed toward the affected area. 3. Apply topical embalming chemicals directly to the external surface of the affected area. 4. Hypodermically inject cavity fluid directly into the scrotum using several points of injection to reach all areas of edemetous fluid. 1 and 3 1 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4

2 and 3

Which of the following disorders can result from mumps infection in young boys? Cryptochism Hernia Orchitis Prostatitis

Orchitis

Which of the following describes the most advanced form of cancer? Stage A Stage B Stage C Stage D

Stage D

Which of the following is not a form of testicular cancer? Choriosarcinoma Cryptorchidism Nonseminomas Teratoma

Cryptorchidism

Which of the following disorders only develops in males? Breast cancer Endometritis Pelvic inflammatory disease Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer

Endometriomas are also known as which of the following? Endometriosis Orchitis Ovarian blood cysts Tubal preganancies

Ovarian blood cysts

Which type of masectomy is most invasive? Modified radical Radical Simple Subcutaneous

Radical

Which of the following refers to sacs filled with fluids that develop on or within the ovary? Cystitis Oophoritis Ovarian cysts Pre-eclampsia

Ovarian cysts

Which of the following is a condition in which the fertilized egg fails to implant itself in the uterine wall and implants outside the uterus? Ectopic pregnancy Endocervitis Endometritis Salpingitis

Ectopic pregnancy

Which of the following disorders is related to seizures and sudden death of mothers after about the 20th week of pregnancy? Eclampsia Ectopic pregnancy Epilepsy Myalgia

Eclampsia

Which of the following disorders is characterized by flaccid limb paralysis, incontinence and weakness or numbness of the limbs? Alzheimer's Disease Epilepsy Myelitis Parkinson's Disease

Myelitis

Which type of hematoma typically results from degenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, rather than from blunt force trauma? Chronic subdural Epidural Extradural Subarachnoid

Chronic subdural

Which of the following is a condition in which the cerbrospinal fluid fails to be properly drained or absorbed, causing the ventricles of the brain ti fill with cerebrospinal fluid? Alzheimer's Disease Concussion Hydrpcephalus Parkison's Disease

Hydrpcephalus

Which of the following is a type of brain cancer? Epilepsy Glioma Myelitis Spina Bifida

Glioma

Alzheimer's disease is associated with which of the following tissue disorders? Amyloid Degeneration Inflammation Necrosis Pigmentation

Amyloid Degeneration

Which of the following is characterized by the sudden onset of blood and protein in the urine accompanied by salt and water retention? Acute Glomerulonephritis Cystitis Hydronephrosis Pyelitis

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Which of the following is a disease condition of the kidney brought on by excess build-up of uirne? Bright's Disease Hydronephrosis Nephrolithiasis Renal Failure

Hydronephrosis

What effect does excess nitrogenous waste in the tissues have on the embalming process? 1. It can spread to the public causing an infectious disease 2. It causes an odor 3. It causes cavitation of the lung tissue 4. It increases formaldehyde demand 1 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4

2 and 4

Transitional cell carcinoma is most likely to occur in which of the following organs? Kidney Lung Trachea Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

Which of the following is commonly referred to as kidney infection? Cystitis Glomerulonephrosis Pyelitis Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis

Which of the following is a condition in which the mucous lining of the bronchi become irritated, and the bronchi proceed to swell shut causing a reduction in air flow? Asthma COPD Emphysema Pneumoconiosis

Asthma

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a loss of lung volume due to inadequate expansion of airspaces? Asthma Atelectasis COPD Emphysema

Atelectasis

Which of the following occurs after death in most drownings? Heart or brain failure Hypoxemia Lactic acidosis Water enters the lungs

Water enters the lungs

Which of the following conditions is a respiratory disorder involving both asthma and emphysema? Anthracosis Berylliosis COPD Pleurisy

COPD

Which of the following is a condition characterized by blood in the pleural space? Cyanosis Flail Chest Hemorrhagic Pleurisy Silicosis

Hemorrhagic Pleurisy

Which of the following disorders of the pancreas can cause a bluish discoloration on the flanks of the abdomen and the umbilical region? Diabetes Mellitus Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis Necrotizing Pancreatitits Pancreatic Cancer

Necrotizing Pancreatitits

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an intolerance for fatty foods? Cholelithiasis Crohn's Disease Esophagitis Pancreatitits

Cholelithiasis

Which of the following does not describe Crohn's Disease? An inflammatory bowel disease Enteritis Ileitis Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative Colitis

Which of the following is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be caused by chronic excessive alcohol consumption? Esophagitis Gastritis Gingivitis Stomach Cancer

Gastritis

Which of the following is caused by the liver's inability to metabolize iron? Bronze Diabetes Cirrhosis of the Liver Hepatitis Liver Cancer

Bronze Diabetes

Which of the following is not considered to be a predisposing factor for cardiovascualr diseases? Chemical agents Hypertension Obesity Tobacco use

Chemical agents

Which of the following may occur when the surface of the lining of the heart is damaged due to blood clots that traumatize the tissues? Atrial Septal Defect Endocarditis Pericarditis Rheumatic Heart Disease

Endocarditis

Which of the following begins with excess fluid accumulation that disturbs the electrolyte and protein balance in the pericardial sac? Cardiac Dilation Cardiac Tamponade Cardiomyopathy Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac Tamponade

Which of the following is an abnormal enlargement of an artery caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall? Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Endocarditis

Aneurysm

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the veins of the legs, in which blood clots form along the walls and valves of the vein? Arteritis Phlebitis Thrombus Varicose Veins

Phlebitis

Which of the following disorders is caused by the premature rupture of red blood cells? Erythrocytosis Hemolytic Anemia Hemophilia Sickle Cell Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a significant decrease in the number of white blood cells? Erythroblastosis Fetalis Leukemia Leukocytosis Leucopenia

Leucopenia

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic disorder caused by a decrease in the number of circulating blood platelets? Hemophilia Melena Thrombocytopenic Purpura Thrombosis

Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Which of the following is due to a lack of blood clotting protein factor VIII? Aplastic Anemia Christmas Disease Hemophilia A Hemophilia B

Hemophilia A

Which of the following diseases is believed to have evolved through a genetic alteration to protect the body against malaria? Hemophilia Leukemia Sickle Cell Anemia Thrombocytopenia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Which of the following is true of benign tumors? They cause extensive tissue damage They cause whole-body changes They grow by expansion They metastasize, creating secondary foci

They grow by expansion

Which of the following is another name for a melanocytic nevus? Birthmark Freckle Mole Wart

Mole

Which of the following is a benign tumor? Glioma Lymphoma Melanoma Osteoma

Osteoma

Which of the following tumors is found in the urinary tract? Angiosarcoma Chondrosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Which of the following tumors originates from epithelial tissue? Fibrosarcoma Hodgkin's Lymphoma Neuroma Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Which of the following is edema of the scrotum? Hemoptysis Hydrocele Hydropericardium Hydrothrorax

Hydrocele

The presence of an embolus in the coronary artery, which supplies blood to the myocardium, might cause which of the following? 1. Eventual hypoxia of the cells in the myocardium 2. Immediate hypopericardium 3. Ischemia leading to a myocardial infarction 4. Passive hyperemia in the myocardium 1 and 2 1 and 3 1 and 4 3 and 4

1 and 3

Maroon-colored stool indicates that bleeding is occuring in which portion of the digestive tract? Esophagus Ileum or Jejunum Rectum Stomach

Ileum or Jejunum

Which of the following results from the slowing of blood flow? The blood becomes less viscous The blood clots The blood transports large proteins into the interstistial fluids The blood warms

The blood clots

Which of the following is a hemorrhage characterized by pinpoint bleeding? Ecchymosis Epistaxis Hemoptysis Petechia

Petechia

Which of the following are short-lived cells that are the first to enter an injury site? Basophils Eosinophils Lymphocytes Neutrophils

Neutrophils

Which of the following is a specific pathological structural or funcitonal change brought about by a disease? Chronic Inflammation Function Laesa Inflammatory Exudate Lesion

Lesion

Which of the following statements describes the purpose of vasoconstriction of the venules surrounding a puncture wound? Vasconstriction of the venules attracts chemical defenses of the body to the injury site Vasconstriction of the venules prevents the initial spread of the infection Vasoconstriction of the venules stops excessive bleeding Vasoconstriction of the venules stops swelling

Vasconstriction of the venules prevents the initial spread of the infection

Which of the following is true of an abcess? 1. It contains pus 2. It is a localized area of infection 3. It is the cause of scar tissue formation 4. It protects surrounding tissue from further damage by walling off the infection 1, 2 and 3 1, 2, and 4 1, 3 and 4 2, 3, and 4

1, 2 and 3

Which of the following exudates contains pus? Hemorrhagic exudate Inflammatory exudate Purulent exudate Serous exudate

Purulent exudate

Which of the following is the most common form of aplasia? Absence of the fibula Extreme curvature of the radius Presence of an extra finger Underdevelopment of the humerus

Absence of the fibula

Which of the following is a genetic disease characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome? Cleft Palate Cystic Fibrosis Down Syndrome Vascular Nevus

Down Syndrome

During what range of age do most SIDS deaths occur? One and Three Weeks One and Two Months Two and Four Months Two and Three Years

Two and Four Months

Which of the following refers to the underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body? Amelia Aplasia Hypoplasia Malformation

Hypoplasia

Which of the following is the most severe form of spina bifida? Congenital Meningocele Myelomeningocele Occulta

Myelomeningocele

Which of the following are examples of compensatory hyperplasia? 1. A decrease in the size of inflamed nasal tissues after an allergic reaction to pollen. 2. Increase in the size of the cells surrouding a laceration on the palm of the hand. 3. Increase in the size of the left leg after fracturing a bone in the right leg. 4. Increase in the size of the lungs after moving form New Orleans, Louisiana to the less oxygenated air of Denver, Colorado 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 3 and 4

3 and 4

Which of the following are examples of pathological hypertrophy? 1. An increase in the size of cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack. 2. An increase in the size of cells in a damaged areas of the right kidney. 3. An increase in the size of the left kidney after damage to the right kidney. 4. An increase in upper body muscle in someone with paralysis of the legs. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4

1 and 2

Which of the following is characterized by cellular swelling, changes in the nature of cellular proteins and the breakdown of cellular organelles in dead cells? Autolysis Dry gangrene Necrosis Pathogenesis

Autolysis

Which of the following is a form of necrosis in which a cheeselike substance is located at the center of an area of pink necrosis surrounded by inflammatory granules? Caseous necrosis Gas gangrene Ischemic necrosis Wet gangrene

Caseous necrosis

Which of the following is not a potential cause of cellular injury? Changes in osmotic pressure Homeostasis Hypoxia Immunological reeactions

Homeostasis

Which of the following describes a disease characterized by a sudden onset with a relatively short duration? Acute Chronic Fulminating Recurrent

Acute

Which of the following terms is used to describe a disease continuously present in a community? Endemic Epidemic Pandemic Sporadic

Endemic

Which of the following terms best describes this statement: "In 1997, 61.8 people per 100,000 died of stroke in the United States?" Epidemic Fulminating disease Morbidity Rate Mortality Rate

Mortality Rate

Which of the following is not a predisposing condition of disease? Age Deficiencies Race Sex

Deficiencies

Which of the following is not a cause of disease? Chemical agents Deficiencies Infectious agents Economic status

Economic status

Of the following weapons, which would be least likely to leave an exit wound? High-caliber hunting rifle High-caliber military rifle Low-caliber target pistol Shotgun

Low-caliber target pistol

Which of the following is the study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues and organs undergo as a result of disease? Clinical Pathology Gross Pathology Histopathology Surgical Pathology

Histopathology

In cases of motor vehicle deaths, why is it important to be more cautious than usual concerning the deceased's head during embalming? 1. Glass shards and other foreign debris that might cause injury to the embalmer may not be obvious because they may be covered by the hair. 2. The absence of bruising and other obvious trauma does not preclude the presence of skull fractures that may lead to swelling during arterial injection. 3. The accident may have caused bruising to the face. 4. The accident may have caused lacerations to the scalp that are not obvious because thay may be covered by the hair. 1, 2, and 3 2, 3, and 4 1, 2, and 4 1, 2, 3, and 4

1, 2, and 4

Which of the following is not a benefit of an autopsy? Autopsies advance medical knowledge and research Autopsies assist in medico-legal cases to determine idenification of the deceased and the cause and manner of death Autopsies confirm or alter clinical diagnosis and treatment Autopsies describe the progression of the death struggle

Autopsies describe the progression of the death struggle

According to the rule of nines, what perentage of the body is burned if the burn covers the entire chest and abdomen? 9% 15% 18% 27%

18%

What is the study of the nature and cause of disease, which involves changes in structure and function? Histology Pathology Physiology Psychology

Pathology

What is a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings perculiar to it and that sets the condition apart as an abnormal entiity differing from other normal pathological body states? Acute condition Chronic condition Disease Lesion

Disease

What is a deterioration or impairment of an organ? Aging Degeneration Heredity Infiltration

Degeneration

A deformity, abnormal shape or structure, especially a cogenital abnormality is called a(n): Atrophy Degeneration Hypertrophy Malformation

Malformation

Tissue reaction to injury is called: Atrophy Hypertrophy Inflammation Regeneration

Inflammation

What is a local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid? Edema Gangrene Hyperemia Ischemia

Edema

A new and abnormal formation of tissue growth is a(n): Ecchymosis Ischemia Neoplasm Petechia

Neoplasm

What is an increase in the number of leukocytes in blood and generally caused by the presence of infection and ususally transient? Anemia Leukemia Leukocytosis Leukopenia

Leukocytosis

What is inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart called? Endocarditis Ischemia Myocarditis Pericarditis

Endocarditis

What is inflammation of the mouth? Arteritis Enteritis Gastritis Stomatitis

Stomatitis

What is inflammation of the nasal mucosa? Bronchitis Rhinitis Sinusitis Tracheitis

Rhinitis

What is diminished amount of urine called? Albuminuria Anuria Oliguria Pyuria

Oliguria

A loss of function, either partial or complete, resulting from a a blow or fall is termed: Concussion Contusion Hemorrhage Laceration

Concussion

What is inflammation of the uterus? Endocervicitis Endometritis Oophoritis Salpingitis

Endometritis

What is inflammation of the testis due to trauma, metastasis, mumps or infection elswehere in the body? Arthritis Oophoritis Orchitis Prostatitis

Orchitis

A general term for describing any disease process that results in reduction in the mass of bone per unit of volume is: Arthritis Bursitis Osteomyelitis Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

What is a general term used for diseases characterized by excessive urination? Bursitis Diabetes Orchitis Peealotitis

Diabetes

What is a disease that begins before birth and is evident at the time of birth? Acquired Chronic Congenital Idiopathic

Congenital

Which of the following is a sudden increase in the severity of a disease? Crisis Complication Exacerbation Remission

Exacerbation

Anasarca and hydrothorax are similar in that both: are characterized by pyrexia are congenital deformities are purulent conditions involve tissue fluids

involve tissue fluids

What is any increase in red blood cells? Erythrocytosis Leucocytosis Pleomastia Plethora

Erythrocytosis

What is an inflammatory condition related to the nervous system? Encephalosclerosis General Paresis Hydronephrosis Purperal Sepsis

General Paresis

Excessive production of urine is know as what? Anuria Hematuria Hematosepsis Polyuria

Polyuria

What is a malignat tumor derived principally from connective tissue? Carcinoma Leukemia Myoma Sarcoma

Sarcoma

Which of the following conditions would be caused by a thrombus as evidenced during embalming? 1. Atrophy 2. Edema 3. Diminished distribution 4. Intravascular resistance 1 and 3 1 and 4 2 and 4 3 and 4

3 and 4