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NBE Examine Review > Microbiology/Pathology Exam > Flashcards

Microbiology/Pathology Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria is spread through which of the following vectors?

Fleas
Human body lice
Mosquitoes
Ticks

A

Mosquitoes

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2
Q

Which of the following refers to fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails?

Kuru
Owl’s eyes
Thrush
Tineas

A

Tineas

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3
Q

Which of the following diseases is spread through handling contaminated cat feces?

Cryptosporidiosis
Giardia
Histoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasmosis

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4
Q

Which of the following microorganisms causes African trypanosomiasis and is spread by the tsetse fly?

Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Viruses

A

Protozoa

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5
Q

Which of the following is the most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States?

Amebiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Giardiasis
Toxoplasmosis

A

Giardiasis

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6
Q

What is the study of those life forms that require the aid of a microscope to be seen?

Microbiology
Myology
Pathology
Zoology

A

Microbiology

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7
Q

What is the science of structure and form without regard to function?

Morphology
Myology
Physiology
Protozoology

A

Morphology

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8
Q

Bacteria typically reproduces by a process called

autotrophism
binary fission
osmosis
parasitism

A

binary fission

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9
Q

The process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms on a substance by exposure to cehmical or physical agents, exposure to ionizing radiation or by filtering gas or liquids through porous matrerials that remove microorganisms is called

boiling
fumigation
scrubbing
sterilization

A

sterilization

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10
Q

The state or condition in which the body, or part of it, is invaded by a pathogenic agent that under favorable conditions multiplies and produces injurious effects is called

attenuation
contamination
infection
infestation

A

infection

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11
Q

A substance that induces the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it is a(n)

antigen
gastric juice
interferon
lysozyme

A

antigen

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12
Q

The genus of the organism with the pathogenicity of tetanus or lockjaw is

clostridium
corynebacterium
granciscella
salmonella

A

clostridium

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13
Q

The causative organism in primary atypical pneumonia is

klebsiella
mycobacterium
mycoplasma
streptococcus

A

mycoplasma

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14
Q

They differ from bacteria in that they are obligate parasites requiring living cells for growth, and differ from viruses in that they are retined by the Berkefeld filter. They are

proteus
rickettsia
shigella
vibrio

A

rickettsia

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15
Q

Which of the following terms refers to viral infections that favor the body’s abdominal organs?

Dermatropic
Pneumotropic
Neurotropic
Viscerotropic

A

Viscerotropic

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16
Q

Skin lesions caused by the herpes zoster virus are known as which of the following?

Dermatomycoses
Ringworms
Shingles
Trypanosomiasis

A

Shingles

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17
Q

The first vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner, and it was a vaccine for which of the following?

Chickenpox
Measles
Polio
Smallpox

A

Smallpox

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18
Q

Orchitis and sterility can result from which of the following diseases?

Mononucleosis
Mumps
Poliomyelitis
Rabies

A

Mumps

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19
Q

Which of the following types of hepatitis is spread throguh contact with blood and body fluids?

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D

A

Hepatitis B

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20
Q

A genus of microorganisms that causes a wide spread of diseases in man and animals, including ornithosis, lumphogranuloma vereum and trachoma is

chlamydia
mycoplasma
rickettsia
treponema

A

chlamydia

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21
Q

A minute organism not visible with an ordianry light microsope is a

bacteria
fungi
protozoa
virus

A

virus

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a fungal infection?

Candidasis
Cryptococcosis
Dermatomycosis
Giardiasis

A

Giardiasis

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23
Q

Which of the following is the causative organism in amebic dysentery?

Clostridium perfringens
Entamoeba histolytica
Pheumocystis carinii
Plasmodium malaria

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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24
Q

A disease often associated with improperly cooked pork is called

hepatitis
malaria
pneumonia
trichinosis

A

trichinosis

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25
Q

Viruses are unaffected by the action of

antibodies
antibiotics
interferon
phagocytes

A

antibiotics

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26
Q

An organism that feeds on dead organic matter only is a

faculative aerobe
faculative anaerobe
strict parasite
strict saprophyte

A

strict saprophyte

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27
Q

Which of the following is true concerning a child who has been dignoised with Rubeola?

Active immunity will be established
Antobiotic therapy will minimize severity
Relapse will likely occur
Subsequent exposures will result in serious illness

A

Active immunity will be established

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28
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii is:

  1. A flea-borne disease
  2. A tick-borne disease
  3. Inclusion conjuctivitis
  4. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4

A

2 and 4

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29
Q

Which of the following are true of malignant neoplasms?

  1. Causes tissue change
  2. Grows by expansion
  3. Grows by infiltration
  4. Resembles the tissue of origin

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4

A

1 and 3

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30
Q

Pneumococci usually leaves the body through the

blood
feces
nose and mouth
urine

A

nose and mouth

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31
Q

Which of the following microorganisms has a characterisitc fried-egg appearance?

Chlamydia pneumonia
Coxiella burnetii
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Rickettsia Rickettsii

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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32
Q

Which of the folloiwng diseases is characterized by the presence of a measles-like rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

Lymphogranuloma vernereum
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Q fever
Tuberculosis

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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33
Q

In which of the following diseases might the tongue be covered with a white fur or discolored black and rolled up in the back of the mouth?

Endemic typhus
Epidemic typhus
Q fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Epidemic typhus

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34
Q

Which of the followign microorganisms undergoes both an infectious stage of growth and a non-infectious stage of growth?

Chlamydia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasmas
Rickettsia

A

Chlamydia

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35
Q

Which of the following microorganisms is the smallest free-living organism in nature?

Chlamydia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasmas
Rickettsia

A

Mycoplasmas

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36
Q

Which of the following is characrerisitic of the primary stage of syphilis?

A chancre appears on the genitals
A rash is present on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
Cardiac failure and paralysis occur
Rubber-like lesions called gummas appear on the body

A

A chancre appears on the genitals

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37
Q

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a bull’s-eye rash?

Anthrax
Legionnaires’ disease
Lyme disease
Toxic shock syndrome

A

Lyme disease

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38
Q

Which of the following diseases is caused by a spirochete?

Botulism
Gas gangrene
Food poisoning
Leptospirosis

A

Leptospirosis

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39
Q

Which of the following diseases is characterized by sore throat, fever, fatigue, swelling of the neck and a tough grayish pseudomembrane in the throat?

Diptheria
Rheumatic fever
Shigellosis
Typhoid

A

Diptheria

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40
Q

Corynebacteria have been shown to cause which of the following types of infections in humans?

Abdominal cramps, diarrhea with pus, rice-water stool and bloody vomiting
Endocarditis, urinary infections and respiratory illness after contact with infected sheep
Paralysis, demyelization of peripheral neurons, colitis and enteritis
Stomach ulcers, meningitis and pneumonia

A

Endocarditis, urinary infections and respiratory illness after contact with infected sheep

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41
Q

Which of the following portals of exit and entry allow the spread of pathogens causing tetanus, malria, African sleeping sickness, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, dysentery, rabies, typhus fever and bubonic plague?

Digestive tract
Genitourinary tract
Respiratory tract
Skin and mucous membranes

A

Skin and mucous membranes

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42
Q

Which of the following is a carrier, usually an insect or other anthropod, that transmits the causative organism of disease from infected to non-infected individuals?

Host
Pathogen
Reservior
Vector

A

Vector

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43
Q

Which of the following describes infection caused by bacteria that are rnormally non-pathogenic and that normally inhabit the digestive tract?

Endogenous infection
Exogenous infection
Mixed infection
Opportunistic infection

A

Opportunistic infection

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44
Q

Which of the following desribes the state or condition in which the body, or part of the body, is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects?

Aerosolization
Attenuation
Contamination
Infection

A

Infection

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45
Q

Which of the following is a chemical enzyme in the body that uses water to break down the peptidoglycan layer in prokaryotic pathogens?

Antibody
Immunoglobulin
Interferon
Lysozyme

A

Lysozyme

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46
Q

Which of the following is the process of completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores or their products on or in a substance?

Antisepsis
Disinfection
Scrubbing
Sterlization

A

Sterlization

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47
Q

Which of the following physical methods of sterilization incoporates both free-flowing steam and pressure?

Autoclaves
Boiling
Cremation
Incineration

A

Autoclaves

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48
Q

Which of the following is a concentrated liquid form of formaldehyde which is 37% formaldhyde by mass and 40% by volume?

Cepacol
Glutaraldehyde
Formalin
Tincture

A

Formalin

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49
Q

Which of the following types of disinfectants includes benzalkonium chloride?

Bleaches
Halogens
Phenols
Quaternary ammonium compounds

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

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50
Q

Which of the following is an effective disinfectant and a cold chemical sterilant?

Glutaraldehyde
Halogens
Iodine
Isopropyl alcohol

A

Glutaraldehyde

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51
Q

Which of the following types of microorganisms would be most likely to survive in the dry air of the American Southwest?

Bacteria
Fungi
Prions
Viruses

A

Fungi

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52
Q

Why do yeast infections occur more frequently in the vagina than other areas of the body?

The fungi that cause yeast infections are indigenous to the vagina and cannot survive anywhere else
The fungi that cause yeast infections only grow on the penis and are spread sexually
The fungi causing yeast infections require more moist areas of the body to grow
The vagina is more acidic and supports the growth of the fungi that cause yeast infections

A

The vagina is more acidic and supports the growth of the fungi that cause yeast infections

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53
Q

Which of the folloiwng are bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures and grow best between 25 and 40 degree C?

Facultative
Mesophiles
Psychrophiles
Thermophiles

A

Mesophiles

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54
Q

Which of the following terms describes the need for viruses, viroids and prions to live only in a host cell due to their lack of internal structures that produce energy or utilize nutrients?

Heterotrophs
Microaerophilic
Obligate parasites
Saproytes

A

Obligate parasites

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55
Q

Which of the following refers to organisms that only survive on dead or decaying organic matter?

Autotrophic microbes
Obligate anaerobes
Obligate saprohytes
Strict parasites

A

Obligate saprohytes

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56
Q

Which of the follwoing is a sticky, gelatinous coating that surrounds the cell wall of prokaryotic cells?

Fimbriae
Flagella
Glycocalyx
Pili

A

Glycocalyx

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57
Q

Which of the following is not a characterisitc of gram-positive bacteria?

They are killed easily by penicillin and sulfonamide drugs
They are more permeable to basic dyes
They have a cell wall composed of few lipids
They have less complex nutritional requirements

A

They have less complex nutritional requirements

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58
Q

Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which the cell splits into two parts, each of which develops into a complete
individual?

Binary fission
Endospore formation
Sporulation
Vegetation

A

Binary fission

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59
Q

Bacteria shaped like a sphere are known as which of the following?

Bacillus
Coccus
Spirilla
Spirochete

A

Coccus

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60
Q

Which of the following refers to bacteria with a spiral or helical shape?

Spirillum
Spirochete
Streptobacilli
Vibrio

A

Spirillum

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61
Q

The belief that life-forms can spontaneously appear from nonliving matter is known as which of the following?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Magic Bullet theory
Spontaneous generation

A

Spontaneous generation

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62
Q

When first seen by scientists through a microscope, microorganisms and cells were referred to as which of the following?

Animalcules
Cells
Little boxes
Vacca

A

Animalcules

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63
Q

Which of the following refers to the theory that the growth of microorganisms can be controlled because living cells can only arise from pre-exisiting living cells?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Spontaneous gerneration
Theory of Biogenesis

A

Theory of Biogenesis

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64
Q

Which of the following refers to the theory that microorganisms cause disease?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Spontaneous generation
Theory of Biogenesis

A

Germ theory

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65
Q

Which of the following refers to the theory that all
living beings are composed of individual cells?

Cell theory
Germ theory
Spontaneous generation
Theory of Biogenesis

A

Cell theory

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66
Q

An infection of the tonsils in which the tonsils become infamed is known as which of the following?

Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma
Tonsilitis

A

Tonsilitis

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67
Q

Which of the following may occur in cases of sickle cell anemia?

Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma
Splenomegaly

A

Splenomegaly

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68
Q

Which of the following diseases is the result of a proliferation of lymphocytes and leukocytes within a lymph node or by the presence of a tumor in a lymph node?

Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma
Splenomegaly

A

Lymphadenopathy

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69
Q

Which of the following refers to a collection of many varied lymphomas?

Hodgkin’s
Leukemia
Lymphadenopathy
Non-Hodgkin’s

A

Non-Hodgkin’s

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70
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by red streaks extrending from the infected area to the axillary space or groin?

Leukemia
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Lymhoma

A

Lymphangitis

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71
Q

Which of the following lesions is indicative of the tertiary stage of syphilis?

A chancre
A cold sore
A gumma
A red rash on the soles of the feet

A

A gumma

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72
Q

Which of the following is noted by the presence of silvery scales on the skin?

Eczema
Psoriasis
Seborrhea
Vitiligo

A

Psoriasis

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73
Q

Which of the following is related to the application of cosmetics or hormonal changes?

Acne
Eczema
Seborrhea
Syphilis

A

Acne

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74
Q

Which of the following is a localized collection of pus that results from invasion of a pyogenic bacterium or other pathogen?

Abcess
Chancre
Gumma
Papule

A

Abcess

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75
Q

Which of the following disorders of the integument is characterized by depigmentation of the skin?

Acne
Eczema
Psoriasis
Vitiligo

A

Vitiligo

76
Q

A goiter is an excessive growth of which of the following glands?

Adrenal
Parathyroid
Pituitary
Thyroid

A

Thyroid

77
Q

Which of the following is characterized by arrested physical and mental development, dystrophy of the bones and lowered basal metabolism?

Cretinism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

A

Cretinism

78
Q

Which of the following is not associated with hyperparathyroidism?

Aldosterone
Chvostek’s sign
Tetany
Trousseau’s sign

A

Aldosterone

79
Q

Which of the following results from an excess of the hormone cortisol?

Addison’s Disease
Cushing’s Syndrome
Down Syndrome
Graves’ Disease

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

80
Q

Which of the following is a disorder occuring when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone?

Addison’s Disease
Cushing’s Syndrome
Graves’ Disease
Hypoparathyroidism

A

Addison’s Disease

81
Q

Which of the following is a development disorder of the spine in which the spinal column exhibits a lateral curvature?

Cystic Fibrosis
Rickets
Scoliosis
Spina Bifida

A

Scoliosis

82
Q

Which of the following is an inflammatory disorder of the bone marrow resulting from pyogenic bacteria?

Osteoarthritis
Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis

A

Osteomyelitis

83
Q

Which of the following disorders often results in a “humped” back?

Bursitis
Down Syndrome
Osteomyelitits
Osteoporosis

A

Osteoporosis

84
Q

Which of the following is not a sign of arthritis?

Abcess formation in the joints
Lack of flexibility of the joints
Redness
Swelling of the joints

A

Abcess formation in the joints

85
Q

Which of the following types of fractures may be indicative of physical abuse?

Compound fracture of the finger
Depressed fracture of the pelvis
Impacted fracture of the scapula
Twisting fracture of the forearm

A

Twisting fracture of the forearm

86
Q

When treating hydrocele, which of the following procedures should be followed?

  1. Aspirate the edemetous area by needle aspiration directly through the scrotum using several points of injection to reach all areas of edemetous fluid.
  2. Aspirate the edemetous fluid through a trocar inserted in the abdomen and directed toward the affected area.
  3. Apply topical embalming chemicals directly to the external surface of the affected area.
  4. Hypodermically inject cavity fluid directly into the scrotum using several points of injection to reach all areas of edemetous fluid.

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4

A

2 and 3

87
Q

Which of the following disorders can result from mumps infection in young boys?

Cryptochism
Hernia
Orchitis
Prostatitis

A

Orchitis

88
Q

Which of the following describes the most advanced form of cancer?

Stage A
Stage B
Stage C
Stage D

A

Stage D

89
Q

Which of the following is not a form of testicular cancer?

Choriosarcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Nonseminomas
Teratoma

A

Cryptorchidism

90
Q

Which of the following disorders only develops in males?

Breast cancer
Endometritis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Prostate cancer

A

Prostate cancer

91
Q

Endometriomas are also known as which of the following?

Endometriosis
Orchitis
Ovarian blood cysts
Tubal preganancies

A

Ovarian blood cysts

92
Q

Which type of masectomy is most invasive?

Modified radical
Radical
Simple
Subcutaneous

A

Radical

93
Q

Which of the following refers to sacs filled with fluids that develop on or within the ovary?

Cystitis
Oophoritis
Ovarian cysts
Pre-eclampsia

A

Ovarian cysts

94
Q

Which of the following is a condition in which the fertilized egg fails to implant itself in the uterine wall and implants outside the uterus?

Ectopic pregnancy
Endocervitis
Endometritis
Salpingitis

A

Ectopic pregnancy

95
Q

Which of the following disorders is related to seizures and sudden death of mothers after about the 20th week of pregnancy?

Eclampsia
Ectopic pregnancy
Epilepsy
Myalgia

A

Eclampsia

96
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by flaccid limb paralysis, incontinence and weakness or numbness of the limbs?

Alzheimer’s Disease
Epilepsy
Myelitis
Parkinson’s Disease

A

Myelitis

97
Q

Which type of hematoma typically results from degenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, rather than from blunt force trauma?

Chronic subdural
Epidural
Extradural
Subarachnoid

A

Chronic subdural

98
Q

Which of the following is a condition in which the cerbrospinal fluid fails to be properly drained or absorbed, causing the ventricles of the brain ti fill with cerebrospinal fluid?

Alzheimer’s Disease
Concussion
Hydrpcephalus
Parkison’s Disease

A

Hydrpcephalus

99
Q

Which of the following is a type of brain cancer?

Epilepsy
Glioma
Myelitis
Spina Bifida

A

Glioma

100
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with which of the following tissue disorders?

Amyloid Degeneration
Inflammation
Necrosis
Pigmentation

A

Amyloid Degeneration

101
Q

Which of the following is characterized by the sudden onset of blood and protein in the urine accompanied by salt and water retention?

Acute Glomerulonephritis
Cystitis
Hydronephrosis
Pyelitis

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

102
Q

Which of the following is a disease condition of the kidney brought on by excess build-up of uirne?

Bright’s Disease
Hydronephrosis
Nephrolithiasis
Renal Failure

A

Hydronephrosis

103
Q

What effect does excess nitrogenous waste in the tissues have on the embalming process?

  1. It can spread to the public causing an infectious disease
  2. It causes an odor
  3. It causes cavitation of the lung tissue
  4. It increases formaldehyde demand

1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4

A

2 and 4

104
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is most likely to occur in which of the following organs?

Kidney
Lung
Trachea
Urinary Bladder

A

Urinary Bladder

105
Q

Which of the following is commonly referred to as kidney infection?

Cystitis
Glomerulonephrosis
Pyelitis
Pyelonephritis

A

Pyelonephritis

106
Q

Which of the following is a condition in which the mucous lining of the bronchi become irritated, and the bronchi proceed to swell shut causing a reduction in air flow?

Asthma
COPD
Emphysema
Pneumoconiosis

A

Asthma

107
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a loss of lung volume due to inadequate expansion of airspaces?

Asthma
Atelectasis
COPD
Emphysema

A

Atelectasis

108
Q

Which of the following occurs after death in most drownings?

Heart or brain failure
Hypoxemia
Lactic acidosis
Water enters the lungs

A

Water enters the lungs

109
Q

Which of the following conditions is a respiratory disorder involving both asthma and emphysema?

Anthracosis
Berylliosis
COPD
Pleurisy

A

COPD

110
Q

Which of the following is a condition characterized by blood in the pleural space?

Cyanosis
Flail Chest
Hemorrhagic Pleurisy
Silicosis

A

Hemorrhagic Pleurisy

111
Q

Which of the following disorders of the pancreas can cause a bluish discoloration on the flanks of the abdomen and the umbilical region?

Diabetes Mellitus
Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Necrotizing Pancreatitits
Pancreatic Cancer

A

Necrotizing Pancreatitits

112
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an intolerance for fatty foods?

Cholelithiasis
Crohn’s Disease
Esophagitis
Pancreatitits

A

Cholelithiasis

113
Q

Which of the following does not describe Crohn’s Disease?

An inflammatory bowel disease
Enteritis
Ileitis
Ulcerative Colitis

A

Ulcerative Colitis

114
Q

Which of the following is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be caused by chronic excessive alcohol consumption?

Esophagitis
Gastritis
Gingivitis
Stomach Cancer

A

Gastritis

115
Q

Which of the following is caused by the liver’s inability to metabolize iron?

Bronze Diabetes
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Hepatitis
Liver Cancer

A

Bronze Diabetes

116
Q

Which of the following is not considered to be a predisposing factor for cardiovascualr diseases?

Chemical agents
Hypertension
Obesity
Tobacco use

A

Chemical agents

117
Q

Which of the following may occur when the surface of the lining of the heart is damaged due to blood clots that traumatize the tissues?

Atrial Septal Defect
Endocarditis
Pericarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Endocarditis

118
Q

Which of the following begins with excess fluid accumulation that disturbs the electrolyte and protein balance in the pericardial sac?

Cardiac Dilation
Cardiac Tamponade
Cardiomyopathy
Myocardial Infarction

A

Cardiac Tamponade

119
Q

Which of the following is an abnormal enlargement of an artery caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall?

Aneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Endocarditis

A

Aneurysm

120
Q

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the veins of the legs, in which blood clots form along the walls and valves of the vein?

Arteritis
Phlebitis
Thrombus
Varicose Veins

A

Phlebitis

121
Q

Which of the following disorders is caused by the premature rupture of red blood cells?

Erythrocytosis
Hemolytic Anemia
Hemophilia
Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Hemolytic Anemia

122
Q

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a significant decrease in the number of white blood cells?

Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Leukemia
Leukocytosis
Leucopenia

A

Leucopenia

123
Q

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic disorder caused by a decrease in the number of circulating blood platelets?

Hemophilia
Melena
Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Thrombosis

A

Thrombocytopenic Purpura

124
Q

Which of the following is due to a lack of blood clotting protein factor VIII?

Aplastic Anemia
Christmas Disease
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B

A

Hemophilia A

125
Q

Which of the following diseases is believed to have evolved through a genetic alteration to protect the body against malaria?

Hemophilia
Leukemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
Thrombocytopenia

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

126
Q

Which of the following is true of benign tumors?

They cause extensive tissue damage
They cause whole-body changes
They grow by expansion
They metastasize, creating secondary foci

A

They grow by expansion

127
Q

Which of the following is another name for a melanocytic nevus?

Birthmark
Freckle
Mole
Wart

A

Mole

128
Q

Which of the following is a benign tumor?

Glioma
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Osteoma

A

Osteoma

129
Q

Which of the following tumors is found in the urinary tract?

Angiosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Transitional Cell Carcinoma

A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

130
Q

Which of the following tumors originates from epithelial tissue?

Fibrosarcoma
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Neuroma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

131
Q

Which of the following is edema of the scrotum?

Hemoptysis
Hydrocele
Hydropericardium
Hydrothrorax

A

Hydrocele

132
Q

The presence of an embolus in the coronary artery, which supplies blood to the myocardium, might cause which of the following?

  1. Eventual hypoxia of the cells in the myocardium
  2. Immediate hypopericardium
  3. Ischemia leading to a myocardial infarction
  4. Passive hyperemia in the myocardium

1 and 2
1 and 3
1 and 4
3 and 4

A

1 and 3

133
Q

Maroon-colored stool indicates that bleeding is occuring in which portion of the digestive tract?

Esophagus
Ileum or Jejunum
Rectum
Stomach

A

Ileum or Jejunum

134
Q

Which of the following results from the slowing of blood flow?

The blood becomes less viscous
The blood clots
The blood transports large proteins into the interstistial fluids
The blood warms

A

The blood clots

135
Q

Which of the following is a hemorrhage characterized by pinpoint bleeding?

Ecchymosis
Epistaxis
Hemoptysis
Petechia

A

Petechia

136
Q

Which of the following are short-lived cells that are the first to enter an injury site?

Basophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils

A

Neutrophils

137
Q

Which of the following is a specific pathological structural or funcitonal change brought about by a disease?

Chronic Inflammation
Function Laesa
Inflammatory Exudate
Lesion

A

Lesion

138
Q

Which of the following statements describes the purpose of vasoconstriction of the venules surrounding a puncture wound?

Vasconstriction of the venules attracts chemical defenses of the body to the injury site
Vasconstriction of the venules prevents the initial spread of the infection
Vasoconstriction of the venules stops excessive bleeding
Vasoconstriction of the venules stops swelling

A

Vasconstriction of the venules prevents the initial spread of the infection

139
Q

Which of the following is true of an abcess?

  1. It contains pus
  2. It is a localized area of infection
  3. It is the cause of scar tissue formation
  4. It protects surrounding tissue from further damage by walling off the infection

1, 2 and 3
1, 2, and 4
1, 3 and 4
2, 3, and 4

A

1, 2 and 3

140
Q

Which of the following exudates contains pus?

Hemorrhagic exudate
Inflammatory exudate
Purulent exudate
Serous exudate

A

Purulent exudate

141
Q

Which of the following is the most common form of aplasia?

Absence of the fibula
Extreme curvature of the radius
Presence of an extra finger
Underdevelopment of the humerus

A

Absence of the fibula

142
Q

Which of the following is a genetic disease characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome?

Cleft Palate
Cystic Fibrosis
Down Syndrome
Vascular Nevus

A

Down Syndrome

143
Q

During what range of age do most SIDS deaths occur?

One and Three Weeks
One and Two Months
Two and Four Months
Two and Three Years

A

Two and Four Months

144
Q

Which of the following refers to the underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body?

Amelia
Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Malformation

A

Hypoplasia

145
Q

Which of the following is the most severe form of spina bifida?

Congenital
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
Occulta

A

Myelomeningocele

146
Q

Which of the following are examples of compensatory hyperplasia?

  1. A decrease in the size of inflamed nasal tissues after an allergic reaction to pollen.
  2. Increase in the size of the cells surrouding a laceration on the palm of the hand.
  3. Increase in the size of the left leg after fracturing a bone in the right leg.
  4. Increase in the size of the lungs after moving form New Orleans, Louisiana to the less oxygenated air of Denver, Colorado

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
3 and 4

A

3 and 4

147
Q

Which of the following are examples of pathological hypertrophy?

  1. An increase in the size of cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack.
  2. An increase in the size of cells in a damaged areas of the right kidney.
  3. An increase in the size of the left kidney after damage to the right kidney.
  4. An increase in upper body muscle in someone with paralysis of the legs.

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4

A

1 and 2

148
Q

Which of the following is characterized by cellular swelling, changes in the nature of cellular proteins and the breakdown of cellular organelles in dead cells?

Autolysis
Dry gangrene
Necrosis
Pathogenesis

A

Autolysis

149
Q

Which of the following is a form of necrosis in which a cheeselike substance is located at the center of an area of pink necrosis surrounded by inflammatory granules?

Caseous necrosis
Gas gangrene
Ischemic necrosis
Wet gangrene

A

Caseous necrosis

150
Q

Which of the following is not a potential cause of cellular injury?

Changes in osmotic pressure
Homeostasis
Hypoxia
Immunological reeactions

A

Homeostasis

151
Q

Which of the following describes a disease characterized by a sudden onset with a relatively short duration?

Acute
Chronic
Fulminating
Recurrent

A

Acute

152
Q

Which of the following terms is used to describe a disease continuously present in a community?

Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Sporadic

A

Endemic

153
Q

Which of the following terms best describes this statement: “In 1997, 61.8 people per 100,000 died of stroke in the United States?”

Epidemic
Fulminating disease
Morbidity Rate
Mortality Rate

A

Mortality Rate

154
Q

Which of the following is not a predisposing condition of disease?

Age
Deficiencies
Race
Sex

A

Deficiencies

155
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of disease?

Chemical agents
Deficiencies
Infectious agents
Economic status

A

Economic status

156
Q

Of the following weapons, which would be least likely to leave an exit wound?

High-caliber hunting rifle
High-caliber military rifle
Low-caliber target pistol
Shotgun

A

Low-caliber target pistol

157
Q

Which of the following is the study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues and organs undergo as a result of disease?

Clinical Pathology
Gross Pathology
Histopathology
Surgical Pathology

A

Histopathology

158
Q

In cases of motor vehicle deaths, why is it important to be more cautious than usual concerning the deceased’s head during embalming?

  1. Glass shards and other foreign debris that might cause injury to the embalmer may not be obvious because they may be covered by the hair.
  2. The absence of bruising and other obvious trauma does not preclude the presence of skull fractures that may lead to swelling during arterial injection.
  3. The accident may have caused bruising to the face.
  4. The accident may have caused lacerations to the scalp that are not obvious because thay may be covered by the hair.

1, 2, and 3
2, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 4
1, 2, 3, and 4

A

1, 2, and 4

159
Q

Which of the following is not a benefit of an autopsy?

Autopsies advance medical knowledge and research
Autopsies assist in medico-legal cases to determine idenification of the deceased and the cause and manner of death
Autopsies confirm or alter clinical diagnosis and treatment
Autopsies describe the progression of the death struggle

A

Autopsies describe the progression of the death struggle

160
Q

According to the rule of nines, what perentage of the body is burned if the burn covers the entire chest and abdomen?

9%
15%
18%
27%

A

18%

161
Q

What is the study of the nature and cause of disease, which involves changes in structure and function?

Histology
Pathology
Physiology
Psychology

A

Pathology

162
Q

What is a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings perculiar to it and that sets the condition apart as an abnormal entiity differing from other normal pathological body states?

Acute condition
Chronic condition
Disease
Lesion

A

Disease

163
Q

What is a deterioration or impairment of an organ?

Aging
Degeneration
Heredity
Infiltration

A

Degeneration

164
Q

A deformity, abnormal shape or structure, especially a cogenital abnormality is called a(n):

Atrophy
Degeneration
Hypertrophy
Malformation

A

Malformation

165
Q

Tissue reaction to injury is called:

Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Inflammation
Regeneration

A

Inflammation

166
Q

What is a local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid?

Edema
Gangrene
Hyperemia
Ischemia

A

Edema

167
Q

A new and abnormal formation of tissue growth is a(n):

Ecchymosis
Ischemia
Neoplasm
Petechia

A

Neoplasm

168
Q

What is an increase in the number of leukocytes in blood and generally caused by the presence of infection and ususally transient?

Anemia
Leukemia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia

A

Leukocytosis

169
Q

What is inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart called?

Endocarditis
Ischemia
Myocarditis
Pericarditis

A

Endocarditis

170
Q

What is inflammation of the mouth?

Arteritis
Enteritis
Gastritis
Stomatitis

A

Stomatitis

171
Q

What is inflammation of the nasal mucosa?

Bronchitis
Rhinitis
Sinusitis
Tracheitis

A

Rhinitis

172
Q

What is diminished amount of urine called?

Albuminuria
Anuria
Oliguria
Pyuria

A

Oliguria

173
Q

A loss of function, either partial or complete, resulting from a a blow or fall is termed:

Concussion
Contusion
Hemorrhage
Laceration

A

Concussion

174
Q

What is inflammation of the uterus?

Endocervicitis
Endometritis
Oophoritis
Salpingitis

A

Endometritis

175
Q

What is inflammation of the testis due to trauma, metastasis, mumps or infection elswehere in the body?

Arthritis
Oophoritis
Orchitis
Prostatitis

A

Orchitis

176
Q

A general term for describing any disease process that results in reduction in the mass of bone per unit of volume is:

Arthritis
Bursitis
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis

A

Osteoporosis

177
Q

What is a general term used for diseases characterized by excessive urination?

Bursitis
Diabetes
Orchitis
Peealotitis

A

Diabetes

178
Q

What is a disease that begins before birth and is evident at the time of birth?

Acquired
Chronic
Congenital
Idiopathic

A

Congenital

179
Q

Which of the following is a sudden increase in the severity of a disease?

Crisis
Complication
Exacerbation
Remission

A

Exacerbation

180
Q

Anasarca and hydrothorax are similar in that both:

are characterized by pyrexia
are congenital deformities
are purulent conditions
involve tissue fluids

A

involve tissue fluids

181
Q

What is any increase in red blood cells?

Erythrocytosis
Leucocytosis
Pleomastia
Plethora

A

Erythrocytosis

182
Q

What is an inflammatory condition related to the nervous system?

Encephalosclerosis
General Paresis
Hydronephrosis
Purperal Sepsis

A

General Paresis

183
Q

Excessive production of urine is know as what?

Anuria
Hematuria
Hematosepsis
Polyuria

A

Polyuria

184
Q

What is a malignat tumor derived principally from connective tissue?

Carcinoma
Leukemia
Myoma
Sarcoma

A

Sarcoma

185
Q

Which of the following conditions would be caused by a thrombus as evidenced during embalming?

  1. Atrophy
  2. Edema
  3. Diminished distribution
  4. Intravascular resistance

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 4
3 and 4

A

3 and 4

NBE Examine Review (11 decks)

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