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NBE Examine Review > Embalming > Flashcards

Embalming Flashcards

1
Q

What is a resinous substance such as a natural exudation from plants?

Balm
Deodorant
Ethyl Cyanoacrylate
Humectant

A

Balm

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2
Q

The OSHA Formaldehyde Rule requires employers to do all but the following:

Keep accurate records
Medical Surveillance
Provide personal protective equipment
Shield employees from all formaldehyde exposure

A

Shield employees from all formaldehyde exposure

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3
Q

The treatment of all bodies and fluids as if they are extremely hazardous or potentially infectious is called:

Universal Convictions
Universal Precautions
Universal Studios
None of the above

A

Universal Precautions

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4
Q

What is the permissable time-weighted average that, when exceeded, requires action to reduce employee exposure?

PEL of 0.5
PEL of 0.75
STEL of 0.75
STEL of 2.0

A

PEL of 0.75

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5
Q

Moribund is synonymous with which of the following terms?

Agonal
Postmortem
Somatic
Thanatology

A

Agonal

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6
Q

In relation to the eye, which of the following is not a sign of death?

Clouding of the cornea
Constriction of the pupils
Flattening of the eyeball
Loss of luster in the conjucntiva

A

Constriction of the pupils

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7
Q

Agonal algor and agonal fever:

Are ante-mortem physical changes
Are post-mortem changes in temperature
Are synonymous terms
Have direct correlation to capillary expansion

A

Are ante-mortem physical changes

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8
Q

Which of the following devices are not considered “historical”?

Air pressure machine
Bulb syringe
Centrifugal pump
Gravity injector

A

Centrifugal pump

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9
Q

Sealing agents:

Contain acitve antibacterial ingredients and are effective at killing bacteria and microbes, and deactivating viruses
Include, but are not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, mold preventative and pack application agents
May be in the form of powders, sprays, or paint-on liquids or gels
May be used as a supplemental co-injection

A

May be in the form of powders, sprays, or paint-on liquids or gels

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10
Q

Pre-injection preparation should include all but the following:
Bathe, shampoo, shave, clean and trim nails, and trim hair
Disinfect deceased and pack orifices as needed
Select and use hypodermic embalming chemicals as needed
Set features using appropriate equipment

A

Select and use hypodermic embalming chemicals as needed

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11
Q

The use of personal protective equipment:

Is optional, based on the professional judgment of the operator
Is the responsibility of the employee
May include disposable protective clothing
All of the above
None of the above

A

May include disposable protective clothing

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12
Q

Which of the following is not true about hair care during the preparation of the deceased?

Cool water is an effective solvent to remove blood from the hair
Braids should be combed out prior to shampooing
Hair rinses are largely ineffective on deceased individuals
Kneading rather than combing curly hair helps maintain its curl

A

Hair rinses are largely ineffective on deceased individuals

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13
Q

Subcutaneous hypodermic injections of phenol or undiluted cavity chemical to treat visible discolorations:

Must be done after arterial injection in order to be effective
Must be done prior to arterial injection in order to be effective
Topical bleaching compresses are largely ineffective in treating visisble discolorations
None of the above

A

None of the above

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14
Q

When raising vessels:

Always raise the deepest vessel first
Always use an arterial tube that is slightly smaller than the lumen of the vessel
Try not to make incisions where vessels are superficial so as to avoid damage
Use linear guides when performing blunt dissection

A

Always use an arterial tube that is slightly smaller than the lumen of the vessel

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15
Q

Which of the following instruments is not typically useful when raising vessels?

Aneurysm hook
Bone separator
Needle injector
Straight forceps

A

Needle injector

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16
Q

Which of the following is not an upper extremity vessel?

Axillary
Brachial
Brachiocephalic
Radial

A

Brachiocephalic

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17
Q

The iliac artery:

Is a branch of the Popliteal artery
Is a continuation of the Femoral artery
Is superior to the Femoral artery
None of the above

A

Is superior to the Femoral artery

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18
Q

Of the following arteries, which is the largest in infants?

Brachial
Carotid
Femoral
Tibial

A

Carotid

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19
Q

Which of the following is not a recommended work practice or engineering control to help avoid embalmer exposure to formaldehyde and bloodborne pathogens?

Continuously aspirate and clamp leaking vessels on all autopsied cases
Keep the stopcock and rate of flow valve closed when not in use
Reduce drainage and/or use a closed drainage method
Use high water pressure to quickly flush away blood and embalming fluids

A

Use high water pressure to quickly flush away blood and embalming fluids

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20
Q

The one-point injection protocol for the Right Common Carotid artery includes all but the following:

Finish the embalming by injecting the left side of the face
Inject the trunk of the body
Insert an arterial tube into the Right Common carotid directed downward toward the trunk of the body
Insert an arterial tube into the Right Common Carotid directed toward the right side of the face

A

Finish the embalming by injecting the left side of the face

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21
Q

Multi-point injection sites for arterial embalming:

Are always used in cases of autopsy and organ and tissue donation cases
Are typically reserved for cases lacking distribution or diffusion to one or more areas
May also be accompanied by hypodermic or sectional embalming
All of the above

A

All of the above

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22
Q

Which of the following statements regarding damaged veins is false?

Absorbent cotton is often an effective means of cleaning the blood around a leaking vessel
After embalming pass ligature around teh distal portion of the vein to prevent further leakage
If it can be determined where blood is seeping from the vein, use serrated locking hemostats to clamp off the area
IIf the vein breaks while a drainage device is in place; secure the vessel with locking hemostats; gently remove the device; reopen the vein using the appropriate technique; reinsert the drainage device; and complete arterial injection

A

IIf the vein breaks while a drainage device is in place; secure the vessel with locking hemostats; gently remove the device; reopen the vein using the appropriate technique; reinsert the drainage device; and complete arterial injection

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23
Q

Which of the following does not result in little or no drainage?

Accidental death with trauma to the internal organs
Bloodstream infections or anemic conditions
Traumatic death resulting in large loss of blood outside the body
All of the above contribute to little or no drainage

A

All of the above contribute to little or no drainage

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24
Q

Which of the following does not call for increased preservative demand?

Burns
Generalized edema
Subcutaneous emphysema
Uremic poisoning

A

Subcutaneous emphysema

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25
Q

When dealing with lacerations and fractures, which of the following is not true?

Align broken skin with a bridge suture or adhesives prior to embalming
Align fractures after embalming
Lacerations should be cleaned and disinfected before embalming
Use cauterizing agents to dry and help preserve lacerated skin

A

Align fractures after embalming

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26
Q

Eye enucleation is:

A condition that results from excessive pre-embalming manipulation of the eye lid
A specialized treatment for gangrenous eyes
A surgical term meaning eye removal
Prevented by placing eyecaps under the eye lids

A

A surgical term meaning eye removal

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27
Q

Which of the following is not recommended when securing the mandible of an adult?

Dental tie
Mandibular suture
Needle injector
Only gluing the lips

A

Only gluing the lips

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28
Q

Which of the following statements is false about shaving?

Use a good sharp blade
Use small short strokes
Warm water has little advanatage for shaving the deceased
When in doubt, leave facial hair until talking to the family

A

Warm water has little advanatage for shaving the deceased

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29
Q

What type of suture is considered to be the most secure and commonly used?

Baseball
Basket weave
Double intradermal
Whip

A

Baseball

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30
Q

Which suture is useful for gathering in and turning under excess tissue?

Purse string
Roll
Single intradermal
Worm

A

Worm

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31
Q

Which suture is most generally used as a framework for the attachment of wax?

Basket weave
Bridge
Continuous
None of the above

A

Basket weave

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32
Q

What type of suture is most useful for closing puncture wounds or colostomy openings?

Baseball
Purse string
Roll
Worm

A

Purse string

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33
Q

Which of the following statements is not true?

Circle needles are most often used for restorative work
Close all incisions prior to cavity aspiration to prevent leakage
Dental floss makes an excellent suture material for restorative treatments
Make several sutures (forming a pocket) before applying incision seal powder

A

Close all incisions prior to cavity aspiration to prevent leakage

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34
Q

Which of the following is not a characterisitic of formaldehyde?

Acts as a deodorizer of body amines
High penetrating ability
Produces rapid tissue fixation
Tends to dehydrate tissue

A

High penetrating ability

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35
Q

Which preservative chemical is a colorless crystalline when solid and when in a solution it often takes on an amber or reddish-brown appearance?

Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Methanol
Phenol

A

Phenol

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36
Q

Chemicals which reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures are:

Anticoagulants
Buffers
Humectants
Surfactants

A

Surfactants

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37
Q

A solution containing low formaldehyde content, reducing agnets, bleaching agents and dyes would most likely be used on which type of embalming?

Edematous
Jaundice
Refrigerated
Trauma

A

Jaundice

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38
Q

Which of the following would be the least effective surface agent?

Bleaches
Cauterizing chemicals
Hardening compounds
Phenols

A

Hardening compounds

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39
Q

What are fluids that are primarily used to supplement and/or enhance the action of vascular solutions?

Co-injection fluids
Complementary fluids
Pre-injection fluids
Restorative fluids

A

Co-injection fluids

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40
Q

How much 18 index fluid is needed to make three gallons of dilute solution having an index of 2.0?

14.2 ounces
36.3 ounces
42.7 ounces
108 ounces

A

42.7 ounces

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41
Q

You start the embalming by mixing 2 gallons of a mild 1.0 solution. After injecting one-half gallon you want to add 32 ounces of a 25 index fluid and enough water to make 3 gallons of solution. What is the new dilute index?

  1. 9
  2. 0
  3. 1
  4. 6
42
Q

What is the pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration?

Differential pressure
Extravascular pressure
Intravascular pressure
Potential pressure

A

Intravascular pressure

43
Q

Which of the following statements is false regarding distribution and diffusion?

  1. Firming of the tissues, though not fool proof, is an indicator of fluid distribution and diffusion.
  2. Loss of skin elasticity is the most reliable sign of arterial distribution.
  3. The clearing of intravascular discoloration is an indiction of fluid distribution?
  4. Vessel distention is not a reliable indicator of distribution as blood gravitaton and gas can also cause distention.

1
2
2 and 4
4

44
Q

Which of the following is not an effective surface treatment for viewable areas?

Arterial solution on cotton placed over a facial abrasion
Cotton saturated with cavity chemical inserted into the nostrils
Eye caps dipped in preservative gel under the eyelids
Restorative saturated cotton strips over the teeth

A

Arterial solution on cotton placed over a facial abrasion

45
Q

Purge that is frothy-white with no odor is most likely from where?

The brain
The Heart
The lung
The stomach

46
Q

Which of the following is not an advantage to cavity treatment immediately after vascular injection?

  1. Allows maximum time for the arterial fluid to penetrate into the tissue spaces.
  2. Helps to reduce distention of the face and neck that may occur during arterial injection.
  3. Prevents blood discolorations by removing it from the heart, liver and large veins.
  4. Removes microbes as soon as possible.

1
2
1 and 4
2 and 3

47
Q

What materials would the embalmer expect to find when aspirating the buccal cavity?

Brain purge
Indole
Skatole
Stomach purge

A

Stomach purge

48
Q

When directing the trocar point along a line from the left anterior superior iliac spine to the lobe of the right ear you are aiming for which organ to aspirate?

Bladder
Cecum
Heart
Stomach

49
Q

Which of the following is not a general consideration when embalming the autopsied case?

Continuous drainage is often recommended
Hemolysis often mimics solution dyes
Presence of rigor often impedes distribution
Refrigeration can make tissues feel firm and dehydrated

A

Continuous drainage is often recommended

50
Q

Which of the following statements is false regarding organ and tissue donation?

  1. According to the Unifrom Antomical Care Act, the family is obligated to conform to the documented wishes of the deceased.
  2. Organ donation can only be done when a donor has been declared brain dead.
  3. Organ donors can also be tissue donors.
  4. Tissue donation can occur even after the heart has ceased beating.

1
2
3
2 and 4

51
Q

Which of the following is not a consderation when embalming/repairing a cranial autopsy?

  1. Dry the margins of the cranial incision with a cauterizing agent.
  2. Fill the line of bone incision/temple muscles.
  3. Place massage cream on the forehead prior to embalming to prevent dehydration.
  4. Suture from left to right using sealing powder to prevent leakage.

1, 2 and 4
2, 3, and 4
3 and 4
4

52
Q

Which of the following arteries would least likely be used when embalming an infant?

Abdominal aorta
Ascending aorta
Common carotid
Femoral

53
Q

Which of the following would be effective in positioning a person with a severe arthritic condition?

Use of firm pressure and manipulation
Use of positioning blocks
Use of tie downs to keep the body stationary
All of the above would be effective

A

All of the above would be effective

54
Q

Typically, the shipping funeral home performs all but which of the following?

Burial arrangements
Embalming
Removal
Transfer arrangements

A

Burial arrangements

55
Q

In cases of delayed viewing, what should be done to avoid post-embalming changes?

Delay cosmetic application
Tissue build finger tips to prevent dehydration
Place a heavy coat of massage cream on the face, neck and hands
All of the above

A

All of the above

56
Q

A discoloration which appears on the human body during life:

  1. Is always referred to as antemortem discoloration.
  2. Is reclassified as postmortem if it remains after death.
  3. Should always be left alone during the embalming process because it is a normal part of the individual’s features.
  4. Should always be treated with a bleaching agent.

1
2
1 and 3
2 and 4

57
Q

Jaundice is synonymous with:

Addison’s Disease
Hyperbilirubinemia
Icterus
Both B and C

A

Both B and C

58
Q

Which of the following statements is false regarding surface discolorations?

  1. Adhesive tape residue can be removed with ether, alcohol or dry wash.
  2. Discolorations are important to remove prior to embalming as it may conceal signs of fluid distribution and diffusion.
  3. It is always easier to remove discolorations after arterial embalming has been completed.
  4. When a discoloration cannot be removed by mechanical means, it might be necessary to use chemical means.

1
2
3
4

59
Q

Which of the following is not considered an embalming related discoloration?

Erythematous rash
Formaldehyde grey
Postmortem bruising
Razor burn

A

Erythematous rash

60
Q

Which of the following is not a complication associated with refrigeration?

Bright red color to the blood
Dehydration of mucous membranes
Low blood viscosity
Post mortem stain

A

Bright red color to the blood

61
Q

Which of the following reasons does not explain why there is limited preservative absorption during rigor mortis?

  1. Muscle protein is contracted so fluid does not penetrate the muscle fibers well.
  2. The protein centers to which preservative attaches are engaged in maintaining the state of rigor mortis.
  3. The slight alkaline pH range retards fluid absorption.
  4. Vessel lumens are reduced so distribution is decreased.

1
2
3
3 and 4

62
Q

Which of the following is not a predisposing condition leading to postmortem dehydration?

Congestive heart disease
Diabetes
Kidney disease
Slow hemorrhages

A

Congestive heart disease

63
Q

An edematous condition that leaves an imprint when pushed upon:

  1. Generally does not respond well to arterial and mechanical treatment.
  2. Generally responds well to arterial and mechanical treatment.
  3. Is referred to as intracellular edema.
  4. None of the above.

1
2
1 and 3
4

64
Q

Which of the following arteries would you expect to be more sclerotic?

Axillary
Brachial
Carotid
Femoral

65
Q 
Which of the following is not considered an extravascular resistance to embalming?
  Ascites 
  Atherosclerosis 
  Rigor mortis 
  Swollen lymph nodes
A

Atherosclerosis

66
Q

Which of the following complications is associated with prolonged use of antibiotics?

  1. Blood clots; impairment of circulation; poor distribution of fluids; purpura, urine retention and spongey nitrogenous waste-filled tissues.
  2. Cell membranes less permeable; retention of fluids; mild to severe water-logging of tissues.
  3. Cotton-like circulatory blockages (fungal overgrowth); jaundice; and bleeding into skin.
  4. Low protein; kidney dysfunction and retention of nitrogenous waste products.

1
2
3
4

67
Q

Which of the following statements is false regarding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

  1. CJD is a 100% fatal disease; there is no cure and no treatment.
  2. The mode of transmission is largely unkown.
  3. The organism can survive and remain viable for over a year, possibly infecting others during that time.
  4. While the CJD organism is not destroyed by formaldehyde, phenol or glutaraldehyde, it is killed by ultraviolet radiation and standard gravity sterilization.

1
2
3
4

68
Q

What is the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to retard organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance?

Embalming
Mummification
Refrigeration
Restorative Art

69
Q

What is the irreversible cessation of all vital functions?

Autolysis
Death
Dehydration
Syncope

70
Q

What are changes occuring in the interval prior to somatic death?

Antemortem
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Postmortem

A

Antemortem

71
Q

Which of the following is an instrument used for making incisions?

Forceps
Hemostat
Scalpel
Tissue Separator

72
Q

What is the consideration given to the body prior to, during and after the embalming process?

Case analysis
Disinfection
Initial treatment
Restoration

A

Case analysis

73
Q

What is an imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper underlying structure?

Anatomical guide
Anatomical limit
Linear guide
Trocar guide

A

Linear guide

74
Q

Injection and drainage from one location is called:

Multi-point injection
One point injection
Restricted cervical injection
Split injection

A

One point injection

75
Q

Chemicals that inactivate saprophytic bacteria are called:

Anticoagulants
Preservatives
Surfactants
Vehicles

A

Preservatives

76
Q

What is the movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries?

Diffusion
Distension
Distribution
Osmosis

A

Distribution

77
Q

Which of the following methods consists of injecting a few ounces of arterial chemical, then draining for a few minutes - each one separately?

Alternate
Concurrent
Continuous
Intermittent

78
Q

Which of the following is a term used to refer to the after death examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological conditions?

Antemortem
Autolysis
Case analysis
Postmortem

A

Postmortem

79
Q

What is any abnormal color appearing in or upon the human body?

Dessication
Discoloration
Imbibition
Saponification

A

Discoloration

80
Q

For which of the following is it necessary that hospitals and community services have a plan for the expeditious mobilization and use of their services?

Black-out
Death
Disaster
The circus coming to town

81
Q

A needle injector is used for:

Aspiration
Arterial injection
Closing incisions
Mouth closure

A

Mouth closure

82
Q

Cavity embalming consists of two phases, one of which is:

Aspiration
Expiration
Inspiration
Intussusception

A

Aspiration

83
Q

Which of the following will normally be aspirated from the stomach?

Ammonia
Bile
Hydrochloric acid
Urine

A

Hydrochloric acid

84
Q

What should the embalmer expect when someone dies of pneumonia?

Rapid cooling of the body
Serious body discoloration
Severe rigor mortis
Thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

A

Thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

85
Q

The formaldehyde Standard for short-term exposure to formaldehyde is:

1 ppm/15 minutes
2 ppm/15 minutes
5 ppm/15 minutes
8 ppm/15 minutes

A

2 ppm/15 minutes

86
Q

Signs of death exhibited by the eyes of the deceased include:

  1. Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball.
  2. Loss of luster of the conjuctiva.
  3. Pupil dilation and non-repsonse to light
  4. Discoloration of the iris.

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 4
1, 3 and 4
2, 3 and 4

A

1, 2 and 3

87
Q

What is another name for pleural effusion?

Ascites
Hydrocele
Hydropericardium
Hydrothorax

A

Hydrothorax

88
Q

Cavity embalming consists of two steps, aspiration and:

Diffusion
Injection
Powdering
Surface embalming

89
Q

Proteolysis refers to decomposition of:

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Sugars

90
Q

Which of the following conditions would require special attention during thoracic cavity embalming?

  1. Ascites
  2. Hydropericardium
  3. Hydroperitoneum
  4. Hydrothorax

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4

91
Q

What is discoloration resulting when formaldehyde reacts with hemoglobin in the body tissues?

Biliverdin
Formaldehyde grey
Icterus
Pigmentation

A

Biliverdin

92
Q

What is severe generalized edema?

Anasarca
Ascites
Hydrocele
Hypostasis

93
Q

What is the escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death?

Agonal edema
Anasarca
Ascites
Asepsis

A

Agonal edema

94
Q

Low index fluids used to inhibit bilirubin from turning to biliverdin are known as:

Co-injection fluids
Humectants
Jaundice fluids
Pre-injection fluids

A

Jaundice fluids

95
Q

What are chemicals that create an incresed capability for embalmed tissue to retain moisture content?

Anticoagulants
Buffers
Humectants
Surfactants

A

Humectants

96
Q

Which of the following instruments would be used for hypodermic injection of fluid into the lower extremities?

Adult trocar
Arterial tube
Drainage tube
Hypovalve trocar

A

Hypovalve trocar

97
Q

Which of the following is a consideration when embalming an obese body?

  1. Elevate the head and shoulders.
  2. Measure widest part of body to determine what size casket is needed.
  3. Positioning of elbows as close to body as possible.
  4. Strong solution to preserve adipose tissue.

1 and 4
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, 3, and 4

A

1, 2, and 3

98
Q

Which of the following is a consideration of embalming room management?

  1. Accessibility (location)
  2. Flooring type
  3. Proper signage
  4. Ventilation

1, 2 and 4
1, 3 and 4
3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

A

1, 2, 3 and 4

99
Q

With which degree of burns would you proceed with a normal injection adjustng your solution strength accordingly and only be concerned with discoloration of the skin?

First
Second
Third
Fourth

100
Q

How would you most likely treat a hematoma on the back of the hand?

Embalm the area with a hypovalve trocar
Excise the tissue
Leave it alone
Place a compress and preservative surface pack on the area

A

Place a compress and preservative surface pack on the area

NBE Examine Review (11 decks)

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