Microbiology-I Flashcards
What is lysogeny?
Viruses may be integrated into the host cells’ DNA, rendering
them immune to the normal host cell defenses which may establish latent or dormant state for the virus within cells that
can result in later reactivation of the virus
What are the four phases of a bacterial growth curve?
Lag, logarithmic phase, stationary and decline phase
What are spore producing bacteria?
Spore-producing bacteria are the Clostridium and Bacillus species
What are the disinfectant techniques that cause mutations in bacteria?
disinfectant
techniques, such as ultraviolet light or nitrous oxide gas induce mutations in bacteria.
What are obligate, intracellular parasites?
Mycoplasmas and Viruses
Which fungal pathogen was earlier thought to be a protozoa?
Pneumocystis jiroveci (previously Pneumocystis carinii)—
originally thought to be a protozoan now believed to have characteristics more like a yeast.
What are single-celled eukaryotes that belong to animal kingdom which lack cell walls?
Protozoans
What is the name of harmful protozoan?
Plasmodium species, Giardia lamblia
What are metazoans?
Helminths (flukes, flatworms, tapeworms)
Which prokaryotes are non-living organisms?
Viruses
What re smallest free-living microbes?
Mycoplasmas. They also have longer
incubation time
What proteins are involved in both nonspecific and specific host immunity
Complement proteins
What cells function independently of the specific
immune system, destroying foreign cells while sparing host cells?
/ What cells are vital part of the body’s innate immunity that identify and destroy infected or cancerous cells without prior exposure & function independently of the adaptive immune system?
NK cells
What are the complement and low-molecular-weight glycoproteins that is involved in the inflammatory response, including fever
development
Cytokines
What are the examples of proinflammatory
cytokines?
interleukins (e.g., interleukin-1, interleukin-6) and tumor
necrosis factor-α
What Enhancement of phagocytosis by antibodies or complement is known as?
Opsonization
Which immunity provides a means to neutralize
toxins produced by pathogens through the administration of pharmaceuticals
known as toxoids?
Specific Immunity
Which diseases tend to be
serious but of relatively short duration?
Acute diseases
What infectious diseases tend to be
milder but may persist for months or years?
Chronic diseases
Is this TRUE/FALSE?
All communicable diseases are infectious, but not all infectious diseases are communicable
True
Communicable infectious diseases which refers to a low level of disease within a select geographic area are called?
Endemic
When communicable infectious diseases refers to an explosive outbreak of a disease within a population are called as?
Epidemic
When communicable infectious diseases indicate a disease that is
worldwide is referred to as?
Pandemic
In what 3 conditions both nonspecific and specific immune defenses may be dysfunctional?
Genetic, immunosuppressive therapy, non-infectious disease states
The aggressiveness of the invading organism is called as?
Virulence
The absolute number of the microbes in some instances are called as?
Dose or inoculum
Environments or hosts that support growth of infectious organisms are
known as?
Reservoirs
A host that has recovered from an infectious disease but continues to shed the pathogen is called as?
Carrier
What are the vehicles do not cause infectious diseases but carry pathogens from one host to another called as?
Vector
What are examples of vectors and their associated diseases?
- Mosquitoes- Malaria, yellow fever, West Nile virus, and Dengue fever
- Ticks- Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Q fever
- Fleas- Plague
