Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards by Shun Shun

Originally smallest form of plant life (incorrect no chlorophyll or photosynthesis)

FUNGUS OR FUNGI INFECTIONS:

Characteristics:

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Feature of fungus; ability to exist in more than one form.

Common names for fungus:
	YEAST – unicellular (one cell) 
	MOLD – multicellular (multi cell) 
	FILLAMENTIS - appearance 
	REPRODUCES – by spore formation

Dimorphism

FUNGUS Characteristics

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study of fungi

Mycology

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FUNGUS OR FUNGI INFECTIONS:

DERMATOMYCOSIS

SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS

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super infection (entire body)

SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS

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superficial fungal infections seen on skin

DERMATOMYCOSIS

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DERMATOMYCOSIS

MICROSPORUM sp
TRICHOPHYTON sp
EPIDERMOPHYTON sp

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(Tinea) ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot

MICROSPORUM sp

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(Tinea) ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot

TRICHOPHYTON sp

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(Tinea) ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot

EPIDERMOPHYTON sp

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SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS

COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS 
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM 
CANDIDA ALBICANS
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS 
PNEUMOCEPTIS CARINII

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coccidioidomyeosis

COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS

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histoplasmosis (respiratory fungal infection)

HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

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cryptococcosis (catch from pigeon droppings)

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

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PneumoCystis Pneumonia (PCP), enclosed sac like cysts in lungs

PNEUMOCEPTIS CARINII

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smallest form of animal life

PROTOZOA INFECTIONS

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study of protozoa

Protista

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PROTOZOA INFECTIONS

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
PLASMODIUM MALARIAE
TOXOPLASMA GONDII
GIARDIA LAMBLIA

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amoebiasis (amebic dysentery)

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

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malaria
 Zoonotic infection (monkeys)
 Humans transmit by female Anapheles mosquito
 Causes red blood cell destruction

PLASMODIUM MALARIAE

giardiasis (traveler’s diarrhea)

GIARDIA LAMBLIA

Toxoplasmosis
 Residual or permanent paralysis of central nervous system
 Sometimes misdiagnosed as polio
 Domestic cats are hosts

TOXOPLASMA GONDII

VIRUSES – VIRAL INFECTIONS:

Important Viral Diseases by Anatomical Site

DERMATROPIC – skin rash
PNEUMOTROPIC – upper respiratory tract (ENT doctor)
NEUROTROPIC (CNS)
VISCEROTROPIC – target organs (the enlargement of
IMMUNOLOGICAL - attack HTLV

DERMATROPIC – skin rash

MEASLES (RUBEOLA)
GERMAN MEASLES (RUBELLA) 
SMALLPOX (VARIOLA)
CHICKENPOX (VARICELLA)
SHINGLES (VARICELLA ZOSTER)
HERPES SIMPLEX I
HERPES SIMPLEX II
HPV (Human Papilioma Virus)

 10 day Regular measles |  Koplik spots – lesions inside the check

MEASLES (RUBEOLA)

 3 day measles  Not as sever for adults  Can be spread placentally, leading to birth defects  Taratogen, organism, has affinity for developing fetal tissue

GERMAN MEASLES (RUBELLA)

 Most infectious  Highest mortality rate  Only historically significant (eradicated)

SMALLPOX (VARIOLA)

 80% of occurrences  1st infection can leave scars  Typically build immunity

CHICKENPOX (VARICELLA)

 20% of occurrences  2nd infection  In person who did not develop complete immunity from chickenpox  Painful infection  Follows the nerve endings  Usually on back glutual or torso region

SHINGLES (VARICELLA ZOSTER)

 skin lesions  Above the waist  Cold sores, fever blisters

HERPES SIMPLEX I

 skin lesion  Below the waist  STD  Uterine cancer

HERPES SIMPLEX II

PNEUMOTROPIC – upper respiratory tract (ENT doctor)

INFLUENZA COMMON COLD (Acute coryza) HANTAVIRUS (HPS)

 genital warts  dysplasia of reproductive system  benign tumor (pollock)  Famous TX Govt immunization prevention

HPV (Human Papilioma Virus)

 flu, one of the few pandemic diseases  Most famous 1918-1919, 20 million deaths  Three basic strains: A, B, C

INFLUENZA

 Rhinovirus  Most common occurring ailment in man  About 150 different strains

COMMON COLD (Acute coryza)

causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome | mystery disease at 4-Corner Region of Midwest

HANTAVIRUS (HPS)

NEUROTROPIC (CNS)

POLIOMELITIS (POLIO) ENCEPHALITIS RABIES (HYDROPHOBIA) CREUTZFELDT JACOB (CJ)

 Infantile paralysis inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord  No cross immunity

POLIOMELITIS (POLIO)

```  Once diagnosed 100% mortality rate  Two forms of disease 1. Furious – “old yeller” or ”cujo” 2. Dumb – no external signs  Once diagnosed, an animal will die before you do (10 days)  Positive diagnosis is (Negri bodies) lesions seen in brain tissue within 4 hours of death  Portal of entry: skin by bite  Portal of Exit: saliva ```

RABIES (HYDROPHOBIA)

 Caused by prion  Sever, daily dementia  EXTREMLY CONTAGIOUS

CREUTZFELDT JACOB (CJ)

VISCEROTROPIC – target organs (the enlargement of)

HEPATITIS INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS (MONO) EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CID)

```  Caused by prion (protein particle)  Attacks in midlife  Once diagnosed dead within a year  Severe daily dementia  EXTREMLY CONTAGIOUS ```

CREUTZFELDT JACOB (CJ)

 liver enlargement (occupational disease) 3 types: oTYPE A – infectious hepatitis; least long-term damage oTYPE B – serum hepatitis; transmitted by blood; caused by Daine Particle; more damage than A oTYPE C – non A, and non B hepatitis, post transfusion form

HEPATITIS

 spleen enlargement  Transplant Recipients  Often mistaken for mono  Commonly called the salivary gland virus

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CID)

 spleen enlargement  Caused by Epstein Barr Virus  Kissing disease  Virus also linked to rare form of cancer called Burkitts lymphoma in African women

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS (MONO)

 parotid salivary glands  Mumps  Severe case could lead to sterility

EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS

IMMUNOLOGICAL

Attack HTLV (immune system-produce antibodies) HIV I & HIV II cause same infection AIDS AIDS Similar to Syphilis: STD & Staged Discovered in France HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency)

IMMUNOLOGICAL AIDS Stages

1. HIV+ (Check blood for HIV I or II) 2. ARC (AIDS Related Complex) 3. Kaposi Sarcoma (full blown) - purple lesions