Microbiology Exam 3 Flashcards
physically prevent initial or deeper entry of m.o/pathogenic organisms in your body
Mechanical Defenses (Anatomical)
e.g. skin mucous membranes (moist membranes that line cavities open to outside of the body); soft moist tissue inside the nose ear mouth and eyes. Bony encasements - skull ribcage.
Anatomical barriers
Physiological defenses - common function defend body
a. Inflammation
b. Fever
c. Phagoctosis
the bodies total response to an injury; 1st function defense in physiological defense; shift blood to injured area
Inflammation
reflex action of body raising temperature to kill pathogens that prefer medium temperature; pyrogens is the substance that stimulates the production that causes a fever. Pyrogens may come from within or from outside the body. Pyrogen - an agent that causes the body temperature to rise.
Fever
cell ingestion; ingest surround anything foreign to prevent infection; (white blood cells/leukocytes/neutrophils) scavengers - large cell ingestors like pacman.
Phagoctosis
Chemical defenses
a. Body secretions
b. Antibodies
c. Interferon
useful substance from (glands) ie: bile (waste pigment), saliva
Body secretions
(1) Lysozyme
(2) Gastric juice
enzymes present in tears that kill bacteria.
Lysozyme
highly acidic pH to protect digestive tract against majority of pathogens that prefer slightly alkaline; (HCL) hydrochloric acid produced within the stomach to kill bacteria.
Gastric juice
Specific protein produced within the body in response to a specific foreign protein (antigen) or bacteria. {Antigens trigger production of antibodies}
Antibodies
Immunoglobulins-Ig
medical name for antibody chemical defense against infection.
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
virus neutralizing substance produced individually by the body cells. Can be enhanced by vaccination.
Interferon
glyco protein substance developed in response to, and interacting specifically with antigen. Once an antibody is formed in the body it will remain forever. It may decrease over the years. Another name for antibodies is immunogoblin (Ig). Antibodies are classified as chemical defenses against specific infection in the body.
Antibodies
The study of immunity.
IMMUNOLOGY
a highly developed state of resistance of the body in response to a specific infection or disease.
Immunity
the absence or suppression of factors responsible for development of immunity.
Susceptibility
specific foreign proteins which cause the body to produce specific antibodies against them.
Antigens
glyco protein substance developed in response to, and interacting specifically with antigen. Once an antibody is formed in the body it will remain forever. It may decrease over the years. Another name for antibodies is immunogoblin (Ig). Antibodies are classified as chemical defenses against specific infection in the body.
Antibodies
Characteristics of Antigen
a true antibody is a substance produced by the body and has bivalent receptor sites (two ends) and only formed in response to antigens.
A true antibody will have bivalent receptor sites; if incomplete (only one end) an allergic reaction can occur.
any immunity for which your born (conception); inborn
Natural (innate) immunity
incidence of sickle cell anemia. Red Blood Cells are not round but look like a sickle; absence or lack blood. A particular race is predisposed to a disease. incidence of sickle cell anemia; higher in blacks & eskimoes less TBs
Racial
distemper non-human disease (animals dog).
Species
(interferon) a virus neutralizing substance produced by cells in Individuals. The amount of interferon is produced differently in each person.
Individual
(not born with must obtain) obtained immunity through the natural life process.
Acquired immunity
The body was actively involved in producing antibodies and natural life process.
Naturally acquired
The body was actively involved in producing antibodies. Having a disease and recovering from it since you didn’t die from the disease it is called a naturally acquired Active immunity. last longer slowly established; human body actively or directly involved in producing antibodies
Active immunity
Naturally acquired Active immunity
Measles
lobar pneumonia
The body was not directly involved in producing antibodies.
Passive immunity
Naturally acquired Passive immunity
Breast milk
Placenta transfer
Colostrum