Microbiology Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
scientific study of m.o.’s & their effect on other living organisms; literally the study of small life
A
microbiology
2
Q
5 Divisions of Microbiology
A
- bacteriology
- Rickettsiology
- virology
- protozoology
- mycology
3
Q
study of bacteria
A
bacteriology
4
Q
study of rickettsia
A
Rickettsiology
5
Q
study of viruses
A
virology
6
Q
study of protozoa
A
protozoology
7
Q
study of fungi (yeasts & molds)
A
mycology
8
Q
Microorganism’s of Major Health Importance
A
- Bacteria
- Mycoplasmas
- Rickettsia
- Chlamydia
- Viruses
- Protozoa
- Fungi
- Prion
9
Q
- staph., strept. Infections
A
Bacteria
10
Q
smallest free living organisms known to man;
primary atypical pneumonia
A
Mycoplasmas
11
Q
- febrile infections, rocky mountain fever, mostly spread by insect; e.g., typhus fever
A
Rickettsia
12
Q
- parrot fever, SU/NGU (non gonococal urethritis), no 1 caused of STDs
A
Chlamydia
13
Q
- smallest organism known to man that cannot be seen by eye
/m.o.’s known measles, mumps, flu, hepatitis
A
Viruses
14
Q
- malaria, amebic dysentery (smallest animal form)
A
Protozoa
15
Q
- yeasts & molds; athlete’s foot, thrush, PCP
A
Fungi
16
Q
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome
A
Prion
17
Q
- study of external structure & form without regard to its function
A
Morphology
18
Q
coccus/cocci
A
Spherical (round)
19
Q
bacillus/bacilli
A
Rod (capsule)
20
Q
spirillum
A
Spiral
- Vibrio - comma shape
- Spirillium - needle shape
- Spirochete – corkscrew shape
21
Q
Cocci
- Diplococci - grow in pairs
- Staphylococci - clusters, like grapes
- streptococci - chains
A
Bacilli
- Diplobacilli - pairs
- Streptobacilli - chains
22
Q
outermost layer which gives shape & integrity to bacteria; its makeup used to differ among m.o.’s; e.g, high lipid for TB; protein in Gram stain (blue if yes, red if no-named for Robert Gram tested use)
A
Cell wall:
23
Q
thinner, inner layer; controls entry & exit into bacteria
A
Cell membrane:
24
Q
living substance in cell
A
Cytoplasm:
25
located on outside of certain bacteria; protects cell from phagocytosis, thus enhancing "virulence" of m.o.
Capsule (slime layer):
26
best means of protection any m.o. can possess; NOT a means of reproduction; only 1 per cell when formed; Bacillus & Clostridium only
Endospore:
27
any bacteria that can never form endospores (does not have genus name Bacillus or Clostridium), or can produce endospores but currently not producing them
Vegetative bacteria:
28
any bacteria currently producing endospores; occurs under adverse living conditions (change in temp/ph, medication given)
Sporulating bacteria:
28
used for movement of bacteria; long, whiplike structures attached to outside; many variations (e.g. monotrichous, peritrichous)
Flagella:
29
when free endospore forms new vegetative cell when good living conditions return
Germinating bacteria:
30
"little hairs"; shorter than flagella and used to aid in attachment to the initial site of infection; e.g. gonorrhea
Pili:
31
Bacterial typical reproduction binary fission (simple transverse division); an asexual means
1
32
obtain their food from inorganic matter; manufacture its on carbon
Autotrophic bacteria:
33
Conditions Affecting Bacteria Growth
1. Food requirements
2. Oxygen requirements
3. Moisture (water) requirements
4. pH
34
obtain food from organic matter; all pathogens are so classified
Heterotrophic bacteria:
35
any organism that must obtain food from dead organic matter
Strict (obligate) saprophytes:
36
organism that must obtain food from living organic matter
Strict (obligate) parasites:
37
organisms that lives in present of oxygen but at a level required less for humans
Microaerophiles:
38
organisms that can live in either the present or absence of oxygen
Facultative bacteria:
40
percentage of H ion in solution; slightly alkaline for most pathogens
pH:
41
pH scale range from 0 (most acidic/sour taste) to 14 (most alkaline)
When tested Acidic shows red and Alkaline shows blue
range 0-7 acidic closer to 0 is darker red color
range 7-14 alkaline closer to 14 is darker blue color
42
neutral (water)
7
43
slightly alkaline (human body & blood)
7.3 - 7.4
44
moderately alkaline / alkaline basic (bitter taste)
10.5
45
highly alkaline (milk)
13
46
slightly acidic (pick up stiff body of rigamorrtis - but as embalming body it becomes more alkaline)
5
47
highly acidic (battery acid/HCl)
1
48
moderately acidic
3.5
48
(Highest classification of living things):
1) always capitalized
2) usually indicates something about the morphology
Note: "Staphylococcus"
3) pay honor to an individual ie: Neisseria
Genus
49
(lowest classification of living thing):
1) never capitalized
2) usually indicates an infection caused by that m.o. Ie:virus influenza cause common cold
3) if not, usually indicates a lab characteristic ie: aureus-golden in color
Species
50
(stap=grows in bunches cluster)
Staphylococcus aureus
51
(strep=grows in chains) cause middle ear infection, lobar pnenomia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
52
- cause meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis
53
- cause food poison, typhoid fever, typhus fever (flea or lice borrne called rickettsia)
Salmonella typhi
54
( Hemophilus= blood loving bacteria) caused influenza, influenza meningitidis
Hemophilus influenzae
55
(lowest classification of living thing):
1) never capitalized
2) usually indicates an infection caused by that m.o. Ie:virus influenza cause common cold
3) if not, usually indicates a lab characteristic ie: aureus-golden in color
Species
