Microbiology Ch.4 (Eukaryotic Cell) Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell

Question 1

Flagella

Answer 1

few are and long in relation to cell size

Question 2

cilia

Answer 2

numerous and short moves substances along the surface of the cell

Question 3

flagella and cilia

Answer 3

used for motility
consist of an arrangement of nine pairs and 2 single microtubules

central and double microtubules, tublin, 9 pairs +2 array, plasma membrane,

Question 4

cell wall and glycocalyx

Answer 4

cell wall— plants, algae, fungi - algae and some fungi– cellulose
fungi — often chitin
yeast— glucan; mannan

Question 5

cell wall and glycocalyx in animal cells

Answer 5

plasma membrane is covered by sticky carbohydrates called glycocalyx

Question 6

plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

phospholipid bilayer
peripheral proteins
integral proteins
transmembrane proteins
sterols
glycocalyx carbohydrates

selective permeability allows passage of some molecules
– simple diffusion; facilitative diffusion; osmosis; and active transport

phagocytosis (endocytosis)
pinocytosis (cell drinking)

Question 7

phagocytosis(endocytosis)

Answer 7

pseudopods extend and engulf particles

Question 8

pinocytosis

Answer 8

membrane folds inward bringing in fluid and dissolved substances

Question 9

cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

substance inside plasm
outside nucleus
cytosol
cytoskeleton
cytoplasmic streaming

Question 10

cytosol

Answer 10

fluid portion of cytoplasm

Question 11

cytoskeleton

Answer 11

exhibits cytoplasmic streaming microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 12

cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 12

movement of cytoplasm throughout cells

Question 13

organelles

Answer 13

ribosomes – proteins synthesis
80S — membrane bound attached to ER 70S
– in chloroplasts and mitochondria

mitochondria cellular respiration
chloroplasts photosynthesis
centrosome consists of protein fibers and centrioles

nucleus— contains chromosomes
ER
Golgi complex
lysome
vacuole

Question 14

ER

Answer 14

transport network

Question 15

gogli complex

Answer 15

membrane formation and secretion
consists of flattened sacs called cisterns (stack of pita bread)
it functions in membrane formation and protein, lipids, carbohydrates secretion

Question 16

lysome in eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

digestive enzyme
formed from golgi complexes
store digestive enzymes
ex. phagocytosis by white blood cells

Question 17

vacuole

Answer 17

brings food into cells and provides support

Question 18

eukaryotic nucleus

Answer 18

contains dna in forms of chromosomes
dna is combined with protein histones (nucleosome)
nuclear envelope
nuclear pores

Question 19

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

ER provides surface for chemical reactions
serves as a transporting network
stores synthesized molecules
protein synthesis and transport occurs or RER
lipid synthesis occurs on SER
80S ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and attached to RER

Question 20

mitochondria

Answer 20

primary site of ATP production
powerhouse of the cell
they contain 70S ribosomes and DNA
multiply by binary fission

Question 21

chloroplast in eukaryotic cells

Answer 21

contain chlorophyll and enzymes for photosynthesis
chlorophyll is found in membrane called thylakoid
contain 70S ribosomes and DNA and multiply by binary fission

Question 22

centrosomes

Answer 22

consists of pericentriolar material and centrioles
centrioles are 9 triplet microtubules involved in formation of the mitotic spindle ad microtubules
play a role in cell division

Question 23

vacuoles

Answer 23

membrane enclosed cavities derived from the Golgi complex or endocytosis

found in plant cells
1. store various substances
2. help bring food into the cell
3.increase cell size
provides rigidity to leaves and stems