microbiology ch 13, actinomycetes, clostridia, bacillus Flashcards

1
Q

2 important genera of actinomycetes?

A

actinomyces, nocardia

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2
Q

Actinomyces

A

major component of dental plaque, Femal genital tract

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3
Q

Actinomyces isralii

A

major agent of human actinomycosis, has yellowish sulfur granules, colonies appear as bread crumbs or molars, sensative to penicillin and amoxicillin

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4
Q

where are the infections for israelii usually found?

A

60-65% are in cervicofacial region
10-20% are abdominal
some are thoracic

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5
Q

Nocardia

A

cause nocardiosis in humans

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6
Q

clostridia in general

A

gram positive spore forming bacilli found in soil, water, decaying animal and plants

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7
Q

clostridia welchii

A

spores are in soil, vegetative cells in colon and vagina

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8
Q

what does c welchii cause?

A

gas gangrene, good poisening

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9
Q

what toxin does c welchii make?

A

alpha toxin- lyses phospholipids of eukaryotic cell membranes

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10
Q

whats the name of the test that uses egg yolk to neutralize the alpha toxin?

A

naglers reaction

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11
Q

clostridium tetani

A

Intestinal tract of herbivores, spores in soil, look like drumstick,

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12
Q

c. tetani toxiins

A

tetanospasmin- potent neurotoxin from vegatative cells

tetanolysin- haemolytic toxin

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13
Q

what do the toxins cause?

A

trismus( lockjaw), risus sardonicus ( facial muscle spasm), opisthotonos( arching body)

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14
Q

how do the toxins cause these?

A

blocks inhibitory mediators at spinal synapses

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15
Q

clostridium difficile

A

faeces of adults and kids, up to 25% of common antibiotic associated diarrhoea is from C difficile

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16
Q

bacillus anthracis

A
  • spores can survive for years – humans accidental hosts and can cause anthrax
  • infection causes septicemia and death
17
Q

bacillus cereus

A

causes food poisening especially in reheated infected rice