cardiac muslce heart pump and contraction ch 9 Flashcards
Name the 2 heart pumps and where they pump
right pump- pulmonary circulation,
left pump- peripheral circulation
What is Cardiac rhythmicity?
sequence of cardiac contractions
name the muslce types in the heart
atrial, ventricular, specialized excitatory and conductive fibers
whats special about the atrial and ventricular muslce fibers?
they contract longer than skeletal muslce
what are intercalated discs?
connections between heart muscle cells. they have gap junctions
What does the AV bundle do?
transmits conduction from atrium synctium to ventricular. It allows the atria to contract before the ventricles
Cardiac action potential
~105 millivolts, The intracellular potential rises from -85 to +20 mv during each beat. The membrane remains depolarized for about .2 seconds( plateau)
Whats the reason for the plateau in action potential?
allows the ventricular contraction to be as much as 15 times longer than skeletal muscle
what allows the cardiac fibers to have a prolonged AP plateau?
instead of just sodium channels opening they have calcium-sodium channels ( slow calcium channels) The slow channels maintain the depolarization period which causes the plateau
what else allows the cardiac fibers to have a prolonged AP and plateau?
after the onset of the AP the permeability of cardiac fibers for potassium ions decreases about 5 fold which doesnt happen in skeletal muscle. This decreases the outflux of potassium ions which prevents early return.
Conduction speed of Cardiac cells
.3-.5 seconds. This is slower than nerve fibers and skeletal fibers
whats a problem with Tachycardia in regards to the atria?
the fast heart beat doesnt allow the atria to fill the ventricles quick enough.
P wave
depolarization through the atria and followed by atrial contraction. This causes a slight rise in atrial pressure
QRS waves-
depolarization of Ventricles and causes the ventricular pressure to begin rising
T wave-
repolarizing of the Ventricles and ventricular muslce starts to relax
Atria as primers
~80 % of blood flows directly through ventricles even before contraction. The Atria simply act as primers that increase ventricular pumping effectiveness as much as 20%.
A wave-
Atrial contraction
C wave
ventricles begin to contract and blood backflows into atria
V wave
occurs toward the end of ventricular contraction. This is when blood is slowly filling the atria while the AV valves are closed
Period of rapid filling of ventricles
blood pushes AV valves open and fills the ventricle during the first 1/3 of diastole. Middle 1/3 of diastole involves blood straight from the veins into the ventricles. Last 1/3 of diastole is when the atria contract accounting for an additional 20% of filling
isovolumic contraction
period between when the AV valves close and the ventrilces contract and push the semilunar valves open.
End diastolic volume
normal filling of ventricles. about 110-120 ml
stroke volume output
when ventricles contract and empty to about 70ml
end systolic volume
remaining volume in each ventricle after contraction. about 40-50 ml.
