Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

ways the skin protects itself from infection

A
  • producing sebum prevents bacterial growth
  • dry skin desiccates organisms
  • competitive bacterial flora (staph epidermidis, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium)
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2
Q

five virulence factors

A
adhesin
invasin
impedin
aggressin
modulin
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3
Q

define an adhesin

A

enables binding of the organism to the host tissue

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4
Q

define an invasin

A

enables the organism to invade host cell/tissue

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5
Q

define impedin

A

enables the organism to avoid host defence mechanisms

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6
Q

define aggressin

A

causes damage to host directly

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7
Q

define modulin

A

induces damage to host indirectly

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8
Q

staph aureus virulence factors

A
  • fibrinogen binding protein
  • leucocidin
  • enterotoxin (food poisoning)
  • TSST-1
  • coagulase
  • PVL
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9
Q

choice treatment for staph aureus

A

flucloxacillin

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10
Q

When is flucloxacillin not used for staph aureus

A

MRSA

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11
Q

describe TSST-1

A

superantigen that is associated with scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome (causes massive release of cytokines)

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12
Q

describe PVL strain

A

Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin is a leucocyte killing strain that is associated with furunculosis, necrotising pneumonia and fasciitis

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13
Q

strep pyogenes (group A) haemolysis

A

beta haemolysis

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14
Q

how is group A strep classified?

A

Lancefield system which serotypes for carbohydrate and M1 in the cell wall

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15
Q

three skin infections caused by strep A

A
  1. impetigo
  2. cellulitis (erysipelas)
  3. necrotising fasciitis
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16
Q

define cellulitis

A

deeper infection of the dermis not associated with necrosis

17
Q

define necrotising fasciitis (group A)

A

destroys connective tissue with streptolysin (SLS)

18
Q

virulence factors of strep pyogenes

A

superantigen
haemolysins SLO and SLS (aggressin)
M protein (adhesin)

19
Q

two fungal infections of the skin

A
  1. dermatophyte (ringworm)

2. candida

20
Q

how does dermatophyte cause skin infections

A

fungus enters soggy skin affecting keratinised tissues

21
Q

causative organisms of dermatophyte

A

trichophyton rubrum
trichophyton mentagraphytes
microsporum canis

22
Q

diagnosis of dermatophyte

A

clinical appearance (ringworm)
woods light
skin scraping and/or hair/nail clippings

23
Q

management of dermatophyte

A

clotrimazole
topical nail paint (amorolfine)
scalp- terbinafine and itraconzole

24
Q

where does candida infect?

A

warm and moist areas

25
Q

diagnosis of candida

A

swab for culture

26
Q

candida management

A

clotrimazole

fluconazole

27
Q

two parasitic skin infections

A
  1. scabies

2. lice

28
Q

scabies presentation

A

presents as an itchy rash (can have an incubation period of 6 weeks)

29
Q

scabies management

A

malathion lotion and benzyl benzoate

30
Q

presentation of lice

A

intense itch

31
Q

management of lice

A

malathion

32
Q

infection controls

A

isolation for strep A, MRSA and scabies