MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards by Hannah Duthie

when do some viruses get a lipid coat

exocytosis from host cell

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illnesses of adenoviruses

conjunctivitis
pharyngitis
diarrhoea
pneumonia

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stages of viral infection

attachment
entry
uncoating
nucleic acid and protein synthesis
assembly
release

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types of release

budding and lysis

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antiviral targets

viral nucleic acids
viral integrase + protease
uncoating, attachment, entry and release

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viruses causing cancers

HPV and HepB/HIV

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asymptomatic viruses

rhinovirus/polovirus

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mechanism of herpes simplex

reactive

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classification of gastritis causing bacteria

microaerophilic spiral bacilli -

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flu like bronchopneumonia bacteria

legionella (strict aerobic bacilli) -

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neisseria gonorrheae and meningitidis classification

aerobic diplococci -

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whooping cough bacteria

bordtella pertussis, small aerobic bacilli -

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what does haemophilus influenzae cause

COPD exacerbation -

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gut commensals

e. coli, klebsiella sp, proteus sp. (-)

enterococcus sp. (non haemolytic +)

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gut pathogens

salmonella, shigella, E.coli 0157 -

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3 clostridium +ve bacilli

tetanus, perfrigens (gangrene) difficile

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closridium classification

+ve, anaerobic bacilli

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aerobic cocci chains are…

streptococcus

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aerobic cocci clusters are…

staphylococcus

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beta haemolysis and types

full haemolysis
group a (throat infection)
group b (neonatal meningitis)

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gamma haemolysis and types

no haemolysis

enterococcus - gut commensal + UTIs

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alpha haemolysis and types

partial
strep pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and viridans (endocarditis)

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presence of coagulase on coat means what for bacteria

more virulent

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coagulase +ve

staph aureus

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coagulase -ve

staph epidermis - skin commensal -> IV line infection

test for c. diff

GDH then toxins

c. diff treatment

bad - ORAL VANC | okay - ORAL METRONIDAZOLE

the 4 C's

cephalosporins clindamycin co-amoxiclav cpiroflaxin

key gut commensals

``` clostridium sp. enterococci klebsiella sp. candida strep sp. proteus sp. bacteriodes sp. ```

nasopharyngeal commensals

staph sp. - aureus epidermis strep sp. haemophilus sp. neissera sp.

enterotoxin A causes

diarrohea

cytotoxin B causes

inflammation

5 Is

``` inhalation ingestion inoculation intercourse mother to infant ```

endotoxin is...

+ve | part of cell wall

exotoxin is...

-ve | exported by cell waall

how are penicillins excreted

renal

indications for penicillin

soft tissue and wounds

penicillins and spectrum

flucloxacillin - +ve amoxicillin - both co-amoxiclav - both DONT USE temocillin - -ve

cephalosporin example

ceftriaxone

cephalosproin uses

CAP, abdominal infection and complex UTIs

glycopeptides examples

vancomycin and teicoplanin

what type of microorganisms do glycopeptides target

clostridium sp. s. aureus bacillus enterococci

gentomicin is an...

aminoglycoside

what can gentomicin damage

kidneys and CNVIII - dizzy and deaf

gent targets...

-ve coliforms

doxycycline is a...

tetracycline

tetracylcine side effect

< 12 years - stains teeth

caution tetracyclines in

PREG

macrolide examples

ezithromycin clarithromycin azithromycin

property of macrolides

lipophillic

metronidazole treats what types of infection

anaerobes and protozoa

which antibiotic is contrindicates alcohol

metronidazole

trimethoprim is used in what infections

acute UTIs resp infections acne +ve and-ve

fluoroquinolones cause which side effects

seizures and weak tenons

fluoroquinolones examples

ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

HGT pathways

transformation (death) transduction (virus) conjugation (sex pilli)

how is MRSA resistant

change in bacterial DNA therefore drug target

antibiotic resistance pathways

change in bacterial DNA enzymes attack/block - beta lactamases spores, biofilms and persistors - structural

assessing CAP

``` CURB65 confusion urea >7moll RR>30 BP<90/60 >65 yrs ```

mild CAP treat with

1. amoxicillin | 2. Doxy/clarith(no oral access or preg)

severe CAP treatment

1. co-amoxiclav IV, doxy PO | 2. levofloxacin IV + doxy PO

mild HAP

amox PO + metronidazole

severe HAP

amox IV, metronidazole and gent

mucoid sputum

chlamydia psittaci

pigeon lung pneumonia treatment

doxy or clarith

farm animal pneumonia

coxiella burnetti

leigonella treatment

fluroquinolone

immunosupressed pneumonia commoon is

pneumocytis jirovecri

red jelly sputum

klebsiella pneumonia

klebsiella treatment

ceftoxamine

TB treatment

2 RIPE 4 RI

``` Rifampicin izoniazid pyrazidamine ethanobutamol SIDE EFFECTS ```

orange fluids neuropathy joint pain colourblind

FROM JANE

fever roth spots oslers nodes murmur janeway leisons aneamia nailbed haemorrhage emboli

how many blood cultures for endocarditis

drug users Flee

flucloxacillin IV

prosthetic valves give Very Good Rhythm

Vanc Gent Rifampacin

native valves - you've Already Got

amoxicillin | gentamicin

viridans - Be Green on agar

Benzylpenicillin | gentamicin

enterococcus - All Germs ENTER the body

amoxicillin | gent