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USMLE > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Transpeptidase

A

Penicillin binding protein found in peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Cell wall is thicker in

A

Gram positive bacteria

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3
Q

Cell wall chemical composition

A
  1. Peptidoglycan

2. Lipoteichoic acid (induces TNF and IL-1)

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4
Q

Outer membrane function

A

Site of endotoxins (LPS)

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5
Q

Outer membrane chemical composition

A

Lipid A (induces TNF and IL-1); O polysaccharide is the antigen

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6
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Site of oxidative and transport enzymes

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7
Q

Periplasm chemical composition

A

B-lactamase

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8
Q

Pilus/fimbria chemical composition

A

Glycoproteins

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9
Q

Flagellum chemical composition

A

Protein

NB: increase flagellum in proteus (swarming motility)

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10
Q

Spore chemical composition

A

Dipicolinic acid; peptidoglycan

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11
Q

Plasmid function

A

Contains a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance,menzymes, and toxins.

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12
Q

Capsule chemical composition

A

Polysaccharide layer (except Bacillus anthracis, which contains D-glutamate)

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13
Q

Glycocalyx function

A

Slime layer that mediates adherence to foreign surfaces especially indwelling catheters (staph epi.)

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14
Q

Bacterial structures unique to gram negative bacteria

A
  1. Porin
  2. Endotoxin/LPS (outer membrane)
  3. Periplasmic space (B-lactamase location)
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15
Q

Bacterial structure unique to gram positive

A

Lipoteichoic acid (cell wall)

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16
Q

TNF & IL-1 induced by

A

Lipoteichoic acid (gram positive)

Lipid A (LPS- gram negative)

17
Q

Bacteria that produce endospores

A
  1. Bacillus

2. Clostridium

18
Q

Spirochetes

A

Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema

*Axial filaments

19
Q

No cell wall

A

Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma
*contain sterol

20
Q

Changes pili to evade host response

A

N.gonnorhea

21
Q

Biofilm producing bacteria

A

S.epidemidis
Viridans step
Pseudomonas
Nontypable H.influenza

22
Q

Gram stain limitations

A 
These Microbes May Lack Real Color 
Treponema 
Mycobacteria 
Mycycoplasm 
Legionella 
Rickettsia 
Chlamydia
23
Q

Giemsa

A

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes Plasmodium

Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience

24
Q

PAS (periodic acid-Schiff)

A 
Whipple diseae (Tropheryma whipplei). 
Stains glycogen
25
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuchsin)

A

Acid fast bacteria (Nocardis, Mycobacteria)

Protozoa (Cryptosporidium oocysts)

NB: alternative is auramine-rhodamine stain for screening (apple green=positive acid fast)

26
Q

India ink

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

27
Q

Silver stain

A

Fungi (pneumocystis)
Legionella
H.pylorie

28
Q

Media for H.influenza

A 
Chocolate agar 
Factors V (NAD) and X (hematin)
29
Q

Media for Neisseria

A

Thayer-Martin

Vancomycin (inhibits gram +ve)
Trimethoprim, colistin (inhibits gram -ve except Neisseria)
Nystatin (inhibits fungi)

30
Q

Media for Bordetella Pertussis

A

Bordet-Gengou agar (potato)

Regan-Lowe medium (charcoal, blood, and antibiotics)

31
Q

Media for C.diptheriae

A

Cysteine Tellurite agar, Löffler medium

32
Q

Media for M.pnuemoniae

A

Eaton agar (requires cholesterol)

33
Q

Lactose-fermenting enterics media

A

MacConkey agar (selective for gram -ve and differential)

Pink colonies

34
Q

Media for E.coli

A

Eosin-METHylene blue (EMB) agar

Green metallic sheen

35
Q

Media for Legionella

A

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract

36
Q

Fungi Media

A

Sabouraud agar

37
Q

Aerobes

A

Nagging Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia
Psedomonas
MycoBacterium TB

38
Q

Anaerobes

A 
F ABC
Fusobacterium
Actinomyces 
Bacterioides 
Clostridium
39
Q

Antibiotic that is ineffective against anaerobes

A

Aminoglycosides (require O2)

USMLE (18 decks)

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