Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What two types of fractures are there?

A

Direct - high or low energy

Indirect - traction, bending, torsion, bending and torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the treatment for osteomyelitis?

A

Debridement and antimicrobials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an open fracture?

A

When the fracture involves a break in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is non union?

A

The fracture will not heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the most common pathogens involved in osteomyelitis?

A

Staph aureus and anaerobic gram -ve bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tell me about osteomyelitis coming from diabetic disease

A 
Often contagious
Microneurovascular dysfunction 
Vasomotor dysfunction 
Claw toes 
Often polymicrobial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What use is an MRI for osteomyelitis?

A

To see the infections involvement in the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What must you wait for in an osteomyelitis case?

A

Biopsy and culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What antibiotics would be used?

A

Fluclox and Vancomycin if MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A person with tennis shoes steps on a nail, what is the infective organism?

A

Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who suffers from haematogeneous osteomyelitis?

A

Prepubertal children
PWID
Central lines, dialysis, elderly (more encounters with healthcare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the usual and more unusual pathogens from haematogeneous osteomyelitis?

A 
Staph a
Strep 
Pseudomonas 
Candida 
Eikenella corrondens (needle lickers), mycobacterium TB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dialysis patients have high colonisation rates of what organism?

A

Staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does osteitis pubis affect?

A

The pubic symphisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What predisposes to osteitis pubis?

A

Urogynae procedures - lower abdominal pain and pelvic pain

Athletes are predisposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Gauchers disease?

A 
Paeds 
Lysosomal storage disorder
May mimic bone crisis
Often tibia 
Sterile if bone crisis 
Deposition of glucocerebroside in cells of the macrophage monocyte system -> deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does SAPHO and CRMO stand for

A

Synovitis acne pustolosis hyperostosis osteitis - adults

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis - kids

18
Q

Tell me about vertebral osteomyelitis

A

Spondylo
Mostly haematogeneous
May be associated with epidural abscess, psoas abscess
PWID, IV
Presents differently from acute haematogeneous osteomyelitis (only 50% have a fever)

19
Q

Tell me about Pott’s disease

A

a form of tuberculosis that occurs outside the lungs whereby disease is seen in the vertebrae

20
Q

What are the risk factors for prosthetic joint osteomyelitis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, malnutrition, obesity

21
Q

What is a sinus?

A

An opening to the outside

22
Q

What is the mechanism of infection in prosthetic joint osteomyelitis?

A

Direct inoculation at time of surgery, manipulation of joint at time of surgery, seeding a joint at later time

23
Q

What is an early infection

A

One which has taken place in the first month

24
Q

What is Panton Valentine Leukocidin

A

A toxin

25
Q

How long can you use Linezolid to treat?

A

4 weeks, increases chances of bone marrow failure

26
Q

What is sessile bacteria

A

Phenotypic transformation of planktonic bacteria (bacteraemia), biofilm, extracellular matrix - now there are two different bacteria in the body, both of which react differently to antibiotics etc

27
Q

Tell me about Rifampicin

A

Can be hepatotoxin

If given on its own -> Resistance, demonstrating its fragility

28
Q

Treatment of prosthetic joint replacement is?

A

Remove the prosthesis and cement , therapy for at least 6 weeks, reimplantaion after aggressive antibiotic therapy

29
Q

What does DAIR stand for?

A

Debridement, antibiotics, implant, retention (mainly in the elderly, not fit enough for other surgery)

30
Q

Name the gram positive organisms that can be involved

A

Staph aureus
Staph epi
Propinobacterium acnes - lives in the arm pit

31
Q

Name the gram negative organisms that can be involved

A

E coli, pseudomonas

32
Q

Septic arthritis might mimic?

A

Gout - big swollen joint with increased cells

33
Q

What organisms could be involved?

A

Staph A
Strep
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Haemophilus influenza

34
Q

Where does Bursitis normally affect?

A

Prepatellar bursa

35
Q

What viruses can affect joints?

A

Hep B, Parvovirus B19, Rubella virus, Alpha Virus

36
Q

What is pyomyositis

A

Pus in the muscle

37
Q

What is the main organism?

A

Staph

38
Q

What organism can lead to disfiguring treatment

A

C dif, must remove all affected muscle

39
Q

What organism causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani - gram +ve strictly anaerobic rods

40
Q

what does the neurotoxin cause

A

Spastic paralysis - binds to the inhibitory neurones, preventing release of neurotransmitters –> Lock Jaw

41
Q

How would you treat tetanus?

A

Penicillin, metronidazole

42
Q

How long does a derided bone take to be covered by vascularised soft tissue?

A

6 weeks

MSK (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions