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MSK > Anatomy of the lower limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lower limb?

A

Support body weight
Locomotion
Maintain balance

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2
Q

What are the six regions of the lower limb?

A

Gluteal, femoral, knee, leg, ankle, foot

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3
Q

Name the superficial and deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

Superficial - gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae
Deep - piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris

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4
Q

What is the gluteus maximus innervated by?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve, all the others, superior gluteal nerve

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5
Q

What causes Trendelenburg’s Gait?

A

A weakness in the abductor muscles, gluteus medius and minimus

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6
Q

Tell me about the sciatic region and nerve

A 
L4 - S3 
Largest in the body
Usually exits inferior to piriformis 
Supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin 
Supplies nothing in the gluteal region
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7
Q

Tell me about the pudendal region?

A

S2- S4

Principle nerve to perineum

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8
Q

Tell me about the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

A

S1 - S3

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh

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9
Q

What are the boundaries for the femoral triangle

A 
Superior - inguinal ligament
Medially - lateral border of adductor longus 
Laterally - medial border of sartorius
Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus
Roof - deep fascia
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10
Q

What does the femoral triangle contain

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics

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11
Q

How do you treat compartment syndrome

A

Fasciotomy

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12
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the thigh

A

Pectineus, lliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris

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13
Q

What are the extensor muscles of the leg

A

Quadriceps femoris

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14
Q

Tell me about the medial compartment of thigh

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis 
Adductor magnus 
Gracilis 
Obturator externus 
All obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)
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15
Q

Tell me about the posterior compartment of thigh

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
All tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
All of these cross two joints

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16
Q

Tell me about the anterior compartment of leg

A 
Tibialis anterior 
Extensor digitorum longus 
Extensor hallucis longus 
Fibularis tertius 
L4, L5
17
Q

Tell me about the lateral compartment of leg

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
L5, S1, S2

18
Q

Tell me about the posterior compartment of the leg

A 
Superficial -
Gastrocneumius
Soleus
Plantaris
Deep - 
Popliteus 
Flexor hallucis longus 
Flexor digitorum longus 
Tibialis posterior 
All tibial nerve
19
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

Superolateral - biceps femoris
Superomedially - semimembranosus
Inferiorly - gastrocnemius
Roof - popliteal fascia

20
Q

What are the hip joint ligaments

A

iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Acerabulum deepened by acetabular labrum

21
Q

What is the blood supply to the hip joint

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries - usually from the deep femoral artery

22
Q

What artery supplies the head of femur

A

Branch of the obturator

23
Q

How many articulations does the knee joint have

A

3
Patellofemoral articulation
Tibiofemoral articulations

24
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee joint

A

Patellar
Lateral and medial collateral
Anterior and posterior cruciate
Menisci

25
Q

What is the other name for the achilles tendon?

A

Calcaneal tendon
15cm long
Tests S1 and S2 nerve roots

26
Q

In injections, what quadrant of the gluteal region do we aim for?

A

Supralateral quadrant

27
Q

What shape is the vastus medialis?

A

Tear drop

28
Q

What is a sesamoid bone and give an example

A

Patella - develops within a tendon

29
Q

What does Hallucis refer to?

A

The big toe

30
Q

What does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

The deep and superficial fibular nerves

31
Q

What tendon is a potential graft site

A

Calcaneal

32
Q

What is the bone socket called

A

Acetabulum

33
Q

What is the other name for the deep femoral artery

A

Funda femoris

34
Q

At what vertebrae does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

35
Q

What does a problem with an upper junctional neurone cause?

A

Junction upper motor neuron (weakness spasticity, increased tone, hyperreflexia)

36
Q

What does a problem with a lower junctional neurone cause?

A

lower motor neuron (weakness, flaccidity, loss of reflexes

MSK (11 decks)

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