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ENT > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Herpetic whitlow

A

HSV infection of skin at the nailfold

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2
Q

Auditory meatus and external canal are lined by what?

A

Lined by epidermis and contains sebaceous and ceruminous glands

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3
Q

Middle ear mucosa?

A

Columnar lined mucosa, contains ossicles

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4
Q

Where are the cochlea and vestibular apparatus contained?

A

Inner ear

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5
Q

Nasal vestibule

A

Squamous

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6
Q

Nose, sinus

A

Schneiderian mucosa- Identical to respiratory mucosa, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, mucinous glands

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7
Q

Serous cells when they are stained?

A

Serous cells stain darkly

Contain digestive enzymes, including amylase

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8
Q

What colour do the mucinous components stain?

A

They stain clear grey

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9
Q

often flat or cuboidal with clear cytoplasm. Have some contractile properties

A

Peripheral myoepithelial cells

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10
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inflammation of middle ear
Usually viral. Occasionally bacterial – Strep. Pnuemoniae, H. Influenzae and Moxarella Catarrhalis. If chronic – Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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11
Q

Occasional bacterial causes of otitis media?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Moxarella Catarrhalis

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12
Q

Cause of chronic otitis media?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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13
Q

Chronic otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane

A

Cholesteatoma

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14
Q

Abnormally situated squamous epithelium with high cell turnover rate and abundant keratin production

A

Cholesteatoma

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15
Q

Which bone do vestibular schwannoma tumours occur in?

A

Temporal

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16
Q

If vestibular schwannoma is bilateral what should you consider?

A

If vestibular schwannoma is bilateral then you should consider NF2

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17
Q

Which bone is often affected in NF1?

A

Sphenoid

18
Q

Inheritance pattern of NF1?

A

Autosomal dominant

19
Q

17q11.2

A

Neurofibomin (NF1)

20
Q

Neurofibromin gene?

A

1711q.2 (NF1)

21
Q

Ch22q12

A

NF2

22
Q

Nasal polyps

A

Numerous aetiologies – allergy, infection, asthma, aspirin sensitivity, nickel exposure
If young – consider cystic fibrosis

23
Q

What mediates rhinitis and sinusitis and what type of hypersensitvity reaction is it?

A

IgE mediated type 1 hypersensitivty

24
Q

Which organs are currently involved in Wegener’s granulomatosis?

A

Respiratory tract and kidneys

small vessel vasculitis

25
Q

Who is usually affected by Wegeners?

A

Whites over 40

26
Q

42 year old white man with history of sinusitis for almost two years. Then developed lung mass. Complained of aches and pains, malaise and myalgia

A

Wegeners granulomatosis

27
Q

pANCA

A

Microscopic polyangitis

28
Q

cANCA

A

Wegeners granulomatosis

29
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcnimoa has strong association with what?

A

Has strong association with EBV

30
Q

Laryngeal polyp

A

Reactive change in laryngeal mucosa secondary to - vocal abuse, infection and smoking. Occ. in hypothyroidism.
Nodules and polyps are largely interchangeable terms. Nodules are usually seen in young women and are bilateral on middle 1/3 to posterior 1/3 on vocal cord. Polyps are unilateral and pedunculated.

31
Q

Non-chromaffin paraganglioma

A

carotid bodies, aortic bodies, jugulotympanic ganglia, ganglia nodosum of vagus and clusters around oral cavity, nose, nasopharynx, larynx and orbit.

32
Q

Chromaffin paraganglioma

A

sympathetic nervous system and can secrete catecholamines. Usually adrenal medulla or paravertebral – organ of Zuckerkandl

33
Q

Which type of paraganglioma would secrete chatecholamines?

A

Chromaffin positive

34
Q

Complications of streptococcal sore throat

A 
Scarlet fever
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Sinusitis/Otitis media
Late complications:
Rheumatic fever
Nephropathy
35
Q

Quinsy

A

Peritonsillar abscess

36
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Pancarditis
Fever
Arthritis

37
Q

Diptheria treatment

A

Anti-toxin and supportive penicillin/erythromycin

38
Q

Candidi albicans

A

Candida/thrush

39
Q

Most common bacterial causes of middle ear infections

A

Haemophilus influenza
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes

40
Q

1st and 2nd line treatment for middle ear infections

A

1st line: amoxicillin (clarithromycin if penicillin allergic)
2nd line: co-amoxiclav or azithromycin

41
Q

ABx for sinusitis

A

First line penicillin

Second line doxycycline (NOT IN CHILDREN!!)

42
Q

You might see otitis externa in which sports people?

A

Swimmers (they always have wet ears)

ENT (14 decks)

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