Microbiology Flashcards
Herpetic whitlow
HSV infection of skin at the nailfold
Auditory meatus and external canal are lined by what?
Lined by epidermis and contains sebaceous and ceruminous glands
Middle ear mucosa?
Columnar lined mucosa, contains ossicles
Where are the cochlea and vestibular apparatus contained?
Inner ear
Nasal vestibule
Squamous
Nose, sinus
Schneiderian mucosa- Identical to respiratory mucosa, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, mucinous glands
Serous cells when they are stained?
Serous cells stain darkly
Contain digestive enzymes, including amylase
What colour do the mucinous components stain?
They stain clear grey
often flat or cuboidal with clear cytoplasm. Have some contractile properties
Peripheral myoepithelial cells
Otitis Media
Inflammation of middle ear
Usually viral. Occasionally bacterial – Strep. Pnuemoniae, H. Influenzae and Moxarella Catarrhalis. If chronic – Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Occasional bacterial causes of otitis media?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Moxarella Catarrhalis
Cause of chronic otitis media?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Chronic otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane
Cholesteatoma
Abnormally situated squamous epithelium with high cell turnover rate and abundant keratin production
Cholesteatoma
Which bone do vestibular schwannoma tumours occur in?
Temporal
If vestibular schwannoma is bilateral what should you consider?
If vestibular schwannoma is bilateral then you should consider NF2
Which bone is often affected in NF1?
Sphenoid
Inheritance pattern of NF1?
Autosomal dominant
17q11.2
Neurofibomin (NF1)
Neurofibromin gene?
1711q.2 (NF1)
Ch22q12
NF2
Nasal polyps
Numerous aetiologies – allergy, infection, asthma, aspirin sensitivity, nickel exposure
If young – consider cystic fibrosis
What mediates rhinitis and sinusitis and what type of hypersensitvity reaction is it?
IgE mediated type 1 hypersensitivty
Which organs are currently involved in Wegener’s granulomatosis?
Respiratory tract and kidneys
small vessel vasculitis
Who is usually affected by Wegeners?
Whites over 40
42 year old white man with history of sinusitis for almost two years. Then developed lung mass. Complained of aches and pains, malaise and myalgia
Wegeners granulomatosis
pANCA
Microscopic polyangitis
cANCA
Wegeners granulomatosis
Nasopharyngeal carcnimoa has strong association with what?
Has strong association with EBV
Laryngeal polyp
Reactive change in laryngeal mucosa secondary to - vocal abuse, infection and smoking. Occ. in hypothyroidism.
Nodules and polyps are largely interchangeable terms. Nodules are usually seen in young women and are bilateral on middle 1/3 to posterior 1/3 on vocal cord. Polyps are unilateral and pedunculated.
Non-chromaffin paraganglioma
carotid bodies, aortic bodies, jugulotympanic ganglia, ganglia nodosum of vagus and clusters around oral cavity, nose, nasopharynx, larynx and orbit.
Chromaffin paraganglioma
sympathetic nervous system and can secrete catecholamines. Usually adrenal medulla or paravertebral – organ of Zuckerkandl
Which type of paraganglioma would secrete chatecholamines?
Chromaffin positive
Complications of streptococcal sore throat
Scarlet fever Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) Sinusitis/Otitis media Late complications: Rheumatic fever Nephropathy
Quinsy
Peritonsillar abscess
Rheumatic fever
Pancarditis
Fever
Arthritis
Diptheria treatment
Anti-toxin and supportive penicillin/erythromycin
Candidi albicans
Candida/thrush
Most common bacterial causes of middle ear infections
Haemophilus influenza
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
1st and 2nd line treatment for middle ear infections
1st line: amoxicillin (clarithromycin if penicillin allergic)
2nd line: co-amoxiclav or azithromycin
ABx for sinusitis
First line penicillin
Second line doxycycline (NOT IN CHILDREN!!)
You might see otitis externa in which sports people?
Swimmers (they always have wet ears)
