Anatomy pt 2 Flashcards
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Where does the submandibular duct open?
Deep to the mucosa of the floor of the mouth and opens on the sublingual PAPILLA
Where does the parotid duct cross and where does it open on to?
Crosses masseter, pierces buccinator, opens of the the parotid papilla of the buccal mucosa
General sensory to anterior 2/3rds tongue
Lingual nerve (branch of CNV3)
Where do the chorda tympani’s parasympathetic axons synapse onto the next neurone in the chain?
Submandibular ganglion
Where is the foramen caecum?
At the apex of the terminal groove
this used to be the thyroid
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Which nerve would you find at the styloid process?
Hypoglossal nerve
Testing the hypoglossal nerve
CNXII
Stick tongue out
- should be in midline
- if not, tongue points towards the side of the injured nerve
Where does the hypoglossal nerve pass in the neck?
Passes anteriorly through the neck lateral to the loop of the lingual artery
When do you refer to a plastic surgeon?
When laceration crosses vermillion border
Epithelium on hard palate
Keratinised stratified squamous
Epithelium on soft palae
Non-keratinised stratified squamous
The palatine foraminae allow passage of which nerve?
CNV2 & vessels
This functions as a trap door
Soft palate
Why is the soft palate a trap door?
1) stops food from entering mouth or nose during swallowing
2) directs airs into the nose or mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomitting
3) helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex
Lifts the soft palate towards the base of the skull
Levator veli palatini
Tenses the soft palat
Tensor veli palatini
Nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)
Vagus nerve (tensor veli palatini = CNV3)
Testing CNX and CNV3
- should be in midline
- if not, uvula pulled AWAY from non-functioning side
From eustachian tube to thyroid cartilage
Salpingopharyngeus
Nerve supply to salpingopharyngeus
CNX
Soft palate to thyroid cartilage
Palatopharyngeus
These guide the bolus safely into the oesophagus
Piriform fossae
Which nerves elevate the larynx towards the epiglottis during swallowing
CNIX and X
Nerve supply to palatopharyngeus
CNX
Nerve supply to stylopharyngeus
CNIX
Where are your tubal tonsils
In the mucosa of the eustachian tube opening
Where does lymph from the palatine tonsil drain?
The regional node (one of the deep cervical)
Lymph nodes in illness vs. cancer
Infection: swollen, painful, soft, smooth, not fixed, improves rapidly with abx
Cancer: swollen, not painful, hard, irregular, fixed, do not improve
Why do you feel lymph nodes bilaterally?
Midline structures drain bilaterally etc
