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ENT > Clinically relevant anatomy of the ear > Flashcards

Clinically relevant anatomy of the ear Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the organs of hearing & balance, facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve contained?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

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2
Q

Function of the middle ear?

A

Amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

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3
Q

Function of the external ear?

A

Collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane

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4
Q

Function of the internal ear?

A

Converts sensory information on sound/balance into FLUID WAVES and conducts the APs towards the brain stem

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5
Q

What is the internal ear?

A

The oval window to the internal acoustic meatus

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6
Q

What is the external ear?

A

From the auricle to the tympanic membrane

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7
Q

What is the middle ear?

A

From the tympanic membrane to the oval window

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8
Q

Nerve supply to the superior parts of the EAM & most of the tympanic membrane

A

CNV3

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9
Q

Nerve supply to the INFERIOR parts of the EAM & the tympanic membrane

A

CNX

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10
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the ear?

A

Parotid and mastoid nodes –>
Deep cervical nodes –>
Thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct –>
Right venous angle

(mastoid nodes = post-auricular nodes)

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11
Q

Where are the deep cervical nodes?

A

In the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein

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12
Q

Tuning fork for ear

A

512Hz

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13
Q

Posteroinferiorly on tympanic membrane

A

Pars tensa

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14
Q

Anteroinferiorly on tympanic membrane

A

Light reflex

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15
Q

Most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membane

A

Umbo

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16
Q

Nerve supply to middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx and the tonsils

A

CNIX

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17
Q

Nerve supply to middle ear cavity

A

CNIX

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18
Q

Nerve supply to eustachian tube

A

CNIX

19
Q

Nerve supply to nasopharynx, oropharynx and tonsils

A

CNIX

20
Q

Nerve supply to external surface of tympanic membrane

A

CNV3 (auriculotemporal branch)

21
Q

Branch of V3 which supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Auriculotemporal branch

22
Q

Nerve supply to the INTERNAL surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

CNIX

23
Q

Doorway from mastoid antrum into the epitympanic recess

A

Aditus

24
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Commonly due to spread of infection from middle ear cavity via the aditus

25
Q

Which nerve passes through stylomastoid foramen and through internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNVII (facial nerve)

26
Q

Nerve for balance

A

Vestibular (branch of CNVIII)

27
Q

Nerve for hearing

A

Cochlear (branch of CNVIII)

28
Q

Cupula

A

Apex of spiral (on cochlea)

29
Q

Where is the membranous labryinth?

A

Within the bony labryinth

30
Q

What is perilymph?

A

Fluid that fills the bony labryinth

membranous labryinth floats in perilymph and this is in the bony labryinth

31
Q

Where do CNVII and CNVIII connect with the brainstem?

A

At the junctio nbetween the pons and medulla oblongata

32
Q

Where does the chorda tympani supply?

A

Supplies the tastebuds of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

-parasympathetic supply to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

33
Q

What does the tensor tympani do and which nerve is it supplied by?

A

Pulls on the handle of the malleus to tense the tympanic membrane
-supplied by CNV3

34
Q

Smallest skeletal muscle in the body?

A

Stapedius

35
Q

What does stapedius do?

A

Reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise
(supplied by CNVII)

36
Q

This canal connects the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen

A

Facial canal

37
Q

Which nerve supplies the stapedius?

A

CNVII

38
Q

The facial nerve’s base of skull course is through which bone?

A

Petrous temporal bone

39
Q

Extracranial course of CNVII?

A

Enters the posterior aspect of the parotid salivary gland and then divides WITHIN the gland into somatic motor branches for muscles of facial expression

40
Q

Muscle of the forehead

A

Frontalis (supplied by CNVII)

41
Q

Sphincter of eyelid

A

Orbicularis oculi (supplied by CNVII)

42
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Sphincter of the lips

supplied by CNVII

43
Q

How to clinically test CNVII?

A

Frown
Close eyes tightly
Smile
Puff out your cheeks

ENT (14 decks)

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