Introductory pharmacology

Question 1

Autocrine

Answer 1

Acts on the same cell

Question 2

Paracrine

Answer 2

Hormone acts on cells next to it

Question 3

Endocrine

Answer 3

Produce hormone which travels in blood stream to reach cells far away

Question 4

Glycoproteins and peptides

Answer 4

Oxytocin, insulin

Question 5

Tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives

Answer 5

Adrenaline, thyroid hormones, melatonin

Question 6

Are amines presynthesised?

Answer 6

Yes, stored in vesicles

peptides and proteins are also presynthesised and stored in vesciles

Question 7

Are steroids presynthesised?

Answer 7

No, synthesised and secreted on demand

Question 8

Rate limiting step of steroid synthesis?

Answer 8

Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

Question 9

Are steroids and thyroxine soluble in plasma?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Binds cortisol in a selective maner (& some aldosterone)

Answer 10

Cortisol binding globulin

Question 11

Albumin

Answer 11

binds many steroids and thyroxine

Question 12

Transthyretin

Answer 12

binds thyroxine and some steroids

Question 13

Do proteins and peptides need carrier proteins?

Answer 13

No, they are soluble in plasma

Question 14

What does tropic mean

Answer 14

Refers to a hormone that acts upon another endocrine organ to regulate its secretion of hormone

Question 15

Secretes corticotrophin releasing hormone

Answer 15

Hypothalamus

Question 16

Secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 16

Anterior pituitary

Question 17

Amines
Proteins & peptides
Steroid and thyroid hormones

Which have the longest half life?

Answer 17

Steroids and thyroid hormones due to extensive protein binding

(amines –> seconds)
(proteins & peptides –> minutes)
(steroids and thyroid hormones –> hours to days)

Question 18

Cell surface receptors

Answer 18

Receptor kinases

G-protein coupled (GPCR)

Question 19

Class 1 nuclear receptor activated by what?

Answer 19

Steroid hormones
- in the absence of activating ligand these are mainly located in the cytoplasm bound to inhibitory heat shock proteins HSP) – move to the nucleus when activated

Question 20

Class 2 nuclear receptors activated by what?

Answer 20

Lipis

Question 21

Hybrid class of nuclear receptor activated by what?

Answer 21

Thyroid hormones and other substances

Question 22

Example of signalling via receptor kinases?

Answer 22

Insulin

Question 23

Converts ATP to cAMP

Answer 23

Adenyly cyclase

cAMP then acts on protein kinase A

Question 24

G protein associated with adenyl cyclase

Answer 24

Gs/Gi

Question 25

Converts PIP2 to IP3

Answer 25

Phospholipase 3

Question 26

G protein associated with phospholipase C?

Answer 26

Gq