Anatomy Flashcards
Which artery supplies the tongue?
The lingual artery
Which artery supplies the right eye?
The right opthalmic artery
Which artery supplies the face from its deep aspect?
The right maxillary artery
Which artery supplies the face from its superficial aspect?
The facial artery
CNV1 and CNV2
Right opthalmic and right maxillary nerev
Name the branches of the opthalmic artery
The nasal branches of the opthalmic artery
Arterial anastamoses on the nasal septum
Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) area
Epistaxis
Nosebleeds
What mainly lines the nasal cavities?
Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet secreting cells)
The 3 meatuses and 1 recess of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
superior, middle and inferior meatus
Sphenoethmoidal recess
What forms the floor (the hard palate) of the nasal cavity?
The maxillae (anteriorly) and the palatine bones (posteriorly)
Which wall of the nasal septum are the conchae?
The lateral wall
What forms the nasal septum?
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer (posteriorly) and the septal cartilages (hyaline) anteriorly
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air filled spaces within the major bones surrounding the nasal cavities
What is the maxillary sinus called?
The antrum (pleural = antra)
What are the sinuses in the ethmoid bone?
The ethmoidal air cells
Which mucosa lines the sinuses?
Mucous secreting respiratory mucosa
Where does the sphenoid sinus mucous drain into?
It drains anteriorly into the sphenoethmoidal recess
Where does the ethmoidal cells mucous drain into?
The superior and middle meatus
Where does the antrum (maxillary sinus) mucous drain into?
The middle meatus
Where does the frontal sinus mucosa drain into?
The middle meatus
Where do tears drain into?
The opening of the right nasolacrimal duct into the right inferior meatus
Where can sinusitis pain be referred?
It can be referred to the teeth mimicking toothache
Why are the antrum more predisposed to sinusitis?
The antral ostia are located superiorly in the medial wall of the antra relative to the floor which means that the antral mucous has to drain superiorly, against gravity
Which bones can be involved in a base of skull fracture?
The temporal bones
Which bones contain the special sensory organs of hearing and balance?
The temporal bones
CNI
cribriform plate of ethmoid
CNII
optic canal
CNIII, CNIV, CNVI, CNV1
superior orbital fissure
V2
Foramen rotundum
V3
Foramen ovale
CNVII, CNVIII
Internal acoustic meatus
CNIX, CNX, CNXI
jugular foramen
CNXII
hypoglossal canal
What does the petrous part of the temporal bone contain?
The organs of hearing and balance
The facial nerve
The VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE
CNVIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve
External ear
Auricle to the tympanic membrane
Middle ear
Tympanic membrane to the oval window (& eustachian tube)
Internal ear
Oval window to the internal acoustic meatus
What does the internal ear do?
Converts sensory information on sound/balance into fluid waves then into AP and conducts the APs towards the brainstem
What does the middle ear do?
Amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear
What does the external ear do?
Collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane
Where are the deep cervical nodes?
In the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein
Lymphatic drainage of the auricle?
parotid nodes + mastoid nodes –> deep cervical nodes –> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
(thoracic duct = left lymphatic duct)
Tuning fork
512 Hz
Umbo
Most inwardly depressed part of the membrane
Pars tensa
Thick part of the tympanic membrane
Posteroinferiorly
Cone of light
Normally detected anteroinferiorly
Pars flaccida
Thin part of the tympanic membrane, superiorly
What makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
The orbital plate of ethmoid, the ethmoidal air cells and the superior and middle conchae
Which bone do you find the foramen rotundum in?
Sphenoid bone
Where does the olfactory tract end?
The temporal lobe
CNV1
Opthalmic nerve
CNV2
Maxillary nerve
Which artery supplies the face from the deep aspect?
Maxillary artery
Which artery nerve supplies the face superficially
The facial artery
Arterial supply to the nasal cavity?
The nasal arteries of the opthalmic, maxillary and facial arteries
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
The nasal bones and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
Maxillae and the palatine bones
Where do the sphenoidal sinus drain?
Into the sphenoethmoidal recess
Where do the ethmoidal sinuses drain?
The ethmoidal cells mucous drain into the superior and missle meatuses
Where do the frontal sinuses drain?
They drain into the middle meatus
Where do the antrums mucous drain?
They drain into the middle meatus
Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus?
The frontal and the antrum sinuses
Where does the nasolacrimal duct open into?
The inferior meatus
The nasolacrimal tube is in which bone?
The maxilla
What is sinusitis?
Inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses
Which nerve is the sensory supply to all of the paranasal sinuses?
Trigeminal nerve (V1 & V2)
Where are the antral ostia located?
Superiorly, in the medial wall of the antra
Which nerve supplies the maxilla, mandible, antral mucosa and all of the teeth?
The trigeminal nerve
Where is the opening of the eustachian/auditory/pharyngotympanic tube?
The lateral wall of the nasopharynx
Where is the extracranial opening for the carotid canal?
In the temporal bone
What is the most inferior part of the neurocranium?
The base of the skull
What contains the organs of hearing and balance, the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve?
The petrous part of the temporal bone
Which is the only nerve that does not terminate at the thalamus? (EXAM QUESTION)
The olfactory
What type of cartilage is the skeelton of the external ear?
Elastic cartilage
Ceruminous glands in the ear canal?
Produce earwax
Where are the deep cervical nodes?
In the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein
What does the eustachian tube connect?
The eustachian tube connects te tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
Which nerve supplies the middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharnyx and tonsils?
CNIX
Which nerve supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?
CNIX
Which nerve supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane?
The trigeminal nerve CNV3 auriculotemporal branch
Where is the tonsil located?
In the mucosa of the lateral wall of the oropharynx
Pharyngeal tonsil
Adenoid
Where is the pharyngeal tonsil/adenoid
Mucosa of the nasopharynx
Another name for the tonsil?
Palatine tonsil
Which nerve supplies sensory to the laryngopharyngeal bit?
CNX
Where is the epitympanic recess?
Superior to the tympanic membrane
Where is the tympanic cavity proper?
Posterior to the tympanic membrane
What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
The eustachian tube
The auditory ossicles
The malleus, incus and stapes
What creates the umbo?
The handle of the malleus
Aditus
Doorway into the mastoid process
Where is the tympanic cavity?
In the petrous temporal bone
What is the promontory?
Bony swelling on the medial wall formed by the cochlea of the internal ear
Mastoiditis is commonly due to spread of infection from the middle ear to the what?
To the aditus
In the middle ear cavity, the facial nerve passes through which canal?
The facial canel and the stylomastoid foramen
Which nerve controls balance?
The vestibular nerve
Which nerve controls hearing?
The cochlear nerve
Opening for the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands?
The sublingual papillae
Parasympathetic nerve supple to the parotid glands?
CNIX
Parasympathetic nerve supply to the submandibular and sublingual glands
CNVII (facial nerve via its chorda tympani branch)
General sensory and special sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Lingual nerve
Right submnadibular ganglion
The chorda tympani’s parasympathetic axons synapse onto the next neurone in the chain
Which lymph node drains the palatine tonsil?
The regional node
(one of the deep cervical nodes)
The regional nodes are the nodes that first receive the lymph drained from a given structure
Where do the deep cervical nodes run along?
The deep cervical nodes run along the internal jugular vein
in the carotid sheath
Where do the superficial cervical nodes run along?
The superficial cervical nodes run along the external jugular vein
Where does the tongue drain to?
The submental lymph nodes
Which nodes are in the retropharyngeal space?
The retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Where are the submental nodes?
In the neck, posterior to the mental process of the mandible
Where are the submandibular nodes?
In the neck, superficial to the submandibular gland
Location of lingual tonsil?
Mucosa of posterior 1/3rd of tongue
Location of tubal tonsils?
In the mucosa of the opening of the eustachian tube
Location of palatine tonsils?
Mucosa of soft palate
Location of pharyngeal tonsil? (adenoid)
Mucosa of the roof of the nasopharynx
Where are the palatine tonsils?
In the tonsillar fossa/sinus
Which foramen does CNIX pass through?
CNIX passes through the jugular foramen (supplies stylopharyngeus etc)
Outer longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngues
Salpingopharyngeus
Clinical testing on CNX and CNV3
Say ‘ah’
Nerve supply to skeletal muscles of the soft palate
CNX except tensor veli palatini (CNV3)
Palatine foraminae
CNV2
Nerve supply to most of tongue muscles
CNXII
Which part of the brain does the hypoglossal nerve connect with?
Connects with the medulla oblongata as multiple rootlets
Where does the genioglossus attach?
The genial tubercle of the mandible to the tongue
CNV3 passes through which foramen?
Foramen ovale
CNVII passes through which foramen?
Stylomastoid foramen
