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ENT > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery supplies the tongue?

A

The lingual artery

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2
Q

Which artery supplies the right eye?

A

The right opthalmic artery

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3
Q

Which artery supplies the face from its deep aspect?

A

The right maxillary artery

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4
Q

Which artery supplies the face from its superficial aspect?

A

The facial artery

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5
Q

CNV1 and CNV2

A

Right opthalmic and right maxillary nerev

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6
Q

Name the branches of the opthalmic artery

A

The nasal branches of the opthalmic artery

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7
Q

Arterial anastamoses on the nasal septum

A

Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) area

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8
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleeds

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9
Q

What mainly lines the nasal cavities?

A

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet secreting cells)

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10
Q

The 3 meatuses and 1 recess of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

superior, middle and inferior meatus

Sphenoethmoidal recess

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11
Q

What forms the floor (the hard palate) of the nasal cavity?

A

The maxillae (anteriorly) and the palatine bones (posteriorly)

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12
Q

Which wall of the nasal septum are the conchae?

A

The lateral wall

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13
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer (posteriorly) and the septal cartilages (hyaline) anteriorly

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14
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled spaces within the major bones surrounding the nasal cavities

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15
Q

What is the maxillary sinus called?

A

The antrum (pleural = antra)

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16
Q

What are the sinuses in the ethmoid bone?

A

The ethmoidal air cells

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17
Q

Which mucosa lines the sinuses?

A

Mucous secreting respiratory mucosa

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18
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus mucous drain into?

A

It drains anteriorly into the sphenoethmoidal recess

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19
Q

Where does the ethmoidal cells mucous drain into?

A

The superior and middle meatus

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20
Q

Where does the antrum (maxillary sinus) mucous drain into?

A

The middle meatus

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21
Q

Where does the frontal sinus mucosa drain into?

A

The middle meatus

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22
Q

Where do tears drain into?

A

The opening of the right nasolacrimal duct into the right inferior meatus

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23
Q

Where can sinusitis pain be referred?

A

It can be referred to the teeth mimicking toothache

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24
Q

Why are the antrum more predisposed to sinusitis?

A

The antral ostia are located superiorly in the medial wall of the antra relative to the floor which means that the antral mucous has to drain superiorly, against gravity

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25
Q

Which bones can be involved in a base of skull fracture?

A

The temporal bones

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26
Q

Which bones contain the special sensory organs of hearing and balance?

A

The temporal bones

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27
Q

CNI

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid

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28
Q

CNII

A

optic canal

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29
Q

CNIII, CNIV, CNVI, CNV1

A

superior orbital fissure

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30
Q

V2

A

Foramen rotundum

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31
Q

V3

A

Foramen ovale

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32
Q

CNVII, CNVIII

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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33
Q

CNIX, CNX, CNXI

A

jugular foramen

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34
Q

CNXII

A

hypoglossal canal

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35
Q

What does the petrous part of the temporal bone contain?

A

The organs of hearing and balance
The facial nerve
The VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE

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36
Q

CNVIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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37
Q

External ear

A

Auricle to the tympanic membrane

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38
Q

Middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane to the oval window (& eustachian tube)

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39
Q

Internal ear

A

Oval window to the internal acoustic meatus

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40
Q

What does the internal ear do?

A

Converts sensory information on sound/balance into fluid waves then into AP and conducts the APs towards the brainstem

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41
Q

What does the middle ear do?

A

Amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

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42
Q

What does the external ear do?

A

Collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane

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43
Q

Where are the deep cervical nodes?

A

In the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein

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44
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the auricle?

A

parotid nodes + mastoid nodes –> deep cervical nodes –> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

(thoracic duct = left lymphatic duct)

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45
Q

Tuning fork

A

512 Hz

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46
Q

Umbo

A

Most inwardly depressed part of the membrane

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47
Q

Pars tensa

A

Thick part of the tympanic membrane

Posteroinferiorly

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48
Q

Cone of light

A

Normally detected anteroinferiorly

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49
Q

Pars flaccida

A

Thin part of the tympanic membrane, superiorly

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50
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

The orbital plate of ethmoid, the ethmoidal air cells and the superior and middle conchae

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51
Q

Which bone do you find the foramen rotundum in?

A

Sphenoid bone

52
Q

Where does the olfactory tract end?

A

The temporal lobe

53
Q

CNV1

A

Opthalmic nerve

54
Q

CNV2

A

Maxillary nerve

55
Q

Which artery supplies the face from the deep aspect?

A

Maxillary artery

56
Q

Which artery nerve supplies the face superficially

A

The facial artery

57
Q

Arterial supply to the nasal cavity?

A

The nasal arteries of the opthalmic, maxillary and facial arteries

58
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

The nasal bones and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

59
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillae and the palatine bones

60
Q

Where do the sphenoidal sinus drain?

A

Into the sphenoethmoidal recess

61
Q

Where do the ethmoidal sinuses drain?

A

The ethmoidal cells mucous drain into the superior and missle meatuses

62
Q

Where do the frontal sinuses drain?

A

They drain into the middle meatus

63
Q

Where do the antrums mucous drain?

A

They drain into the middle meatus

64
Q

Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus?

A

The frontal and the antrum sinuses

65
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct open into?

A

The inferior meatus

66
Q

The nasolacrimal tube is in which bone?

A

The maxilla

67
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses

68
Q

Which nerve is the sensory supply to all of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V1 & V2)

69
Q

Where are the antral ostia located?

A

Superiorly, in the medial wall of the antra

70
Q

Which nerve supplies the maxilla, mandible, antral mucosa and all of the teeth?

A

The trigeminal nerve

71
Q

Where is the opening of the eustachian/auditory/pharyngotympanic tube?

A

The lateral wall of the nasopharynx

72
Q

Where is the extracranial opening for the carotid canal?

A

In the temporal bone

73
Q

What is the most inferior part of the neurocranium?

A

The base of the skull

74
Q

What contains the organs of hearing and balance, the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

The petrous part of the temporal bone

75
Q

Which is the only nerve that does not terminate at the thalamus? (EXAM QUESTION)

A

The olfactory

76
Q

What type of cartilage is the skeelton of the external ear?

A

Elastic cartilage

77
Q

Ceruminous glands in the ear canal?

A

Produce earwax

78
Q

Where are the deep cervical nodes?

A

In the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein

79
Q

What does the eustachian tube connect?

A

The eustachian tube connects te tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

80
Q

Which nerve supplies the middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharnyx and tonsils?

A

CNIX

81
Q

Which nerve supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

CNIX

82
Q

Which nerve supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

The trigeminal nerve CNV3 auriculotemporal branch

83
Q

Where is the tonsil located?

A

In the mucosa of the lateral wall of the oropharynx

84
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil

A

Adenoid

85
Q

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil/adenoid

A

Mucosa of the nasopharynx

86
Q

Another name for the tonsil?

A

Palatine tonsil

87
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory to the laryngopharyngeal bit?

A

CNX

88
Q

Where is the epitympanic recess?

A

Superior to the tympanic membrane

89
Q

Where is the tympanic cavity proper?

A

Posterior to the tympanic membrane

90
Q

What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A

The eustachian tube

91
Q

The auditory ossicles

A

The malleus, incus and stapes

92
Q

What creates the umbo?

A

The handle of the malleus

93
Q

Aditus

A

Doorway into the mastoid process

94
Q

Where is the tympanic cavity?

A

In the petrous temporal bone

95
Q

What is the promontory?

A

Bony swelling on the medial wall formed by the cochlea of the internal ear

96
Q

Mastoiditis is commonly due to spread of infection from the middle ear to the what?

A

To the aditus

97
Q

In the middle ear cavity, the facial nerve passes through which canal?

A

The facial canel and the stylomastoid foramen

98
Q

Which nerve controls balance?

A

The vestibular nerve

99
Q

Which nerve controls hearing?

A

The cochlear nerve

100
Q

Opening for the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands?

A

The sublingual papillae

101
Q

Parasympathetic nerve supple to the parotid glands?

A

CNIX

102
Q

Parasympathetic nerve supply to the submandibular and sublingual glands

A

CNVII (facial nerve via its chorda tympani branch)

103
Q

General sensory and special sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

A

Lingual nerve

104
Q

Right submnadibular ganglion

A

The chorda tympani’s parasympathetic axons synapse onto the next neurone in the chain

105
Q

Which lymph node drains the palatine tonsil?

A

The regional node
(one of the deep cervical nodes)
The regional nodes are the nodes that first receive the lymph drained from a given structure

106
Q

Where do the deep cervical nodes run along?

A

The deep cervical nodes run along the internal jugular vein

in the carotid sheath

107
Q

Where do the superficial cervical nodes run along?

A

The superficial cervical nodes run along the external jugular vein

108
Q

Where does the tongue drain to?

A

The submental lymph nodes

109
Q

Which nodes are in the retropharyngeal space?

A

The retropharyngeal lymph nodes

110
Q

Where are the submental nodes?

A

In the neck, posterior to the mental process of the mandible

111
Q

Where are the submandibular nodes?

A

In the neck, superficial to the submandibular gland

112
Q

Location of lingual tonsil?

A

Mucosa of posterior 1/3rd of tongue

113
Q

Location of tubal tonsils?

A

In the mucosa of the opening of the eustachian tube

114
Q

Location of palatine tonsils?

A

Mucosa of soft palate

115
Q

Location of pharyngeal tonsil? (adenoid)

A

Mucosa of the roof of the nasopharynx

116
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils?

A

In the tonsillar fossa/sinus

117
Q

Which foramen does CNIX pass through?

A

CNIX passes through the jugular foramen (supplies stylopharyngeus etc)

118
Q

Outer longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngues
Salpingopharyngeus

119
Q

Clinical testing on CNX and CNV3

A

Say ‘ah’

120
Q

Nerve supply to skeletal muscles of the soft palate

A

CNX except tensor veli palatini (CNV3)

121
Q

Palatine foraminae

A

CNV2

122
Q

Nerve supply to most of tongue muscles

A

CNXII

123
Q

Which part of the brain does the hypoglossal nerve connect with?

A

Connects with the medulla oblongata as multiple rootlets

124
Q

Where does the genioglossus attach?

A

The genial tubercle of the mandible to the tongue

125
Q

CNV3 passes through which foramen?

A

Foramen ovale

126
Q

CNVII passes through which foramen?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

ENT (14 decks)

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