Microbiology Flashcards
sectors of microbiology
bacteriology, mycobacteriology, mycology, virology
bacteriology focuses on bacteria with a cell wall
peptidoglycan
mycobacteriology focuses on bacteria with a cell wall
mycolic acid
study of fungi
mycology
study of virus
virology
specimens used in microbiology
blood and other body fluids, stool, tissues, and swabs
duties or test performed in microbiology
microscopic visualization of microorganism after staining
isolation and identification of bacteria
antigenic typing
ast
koh test (fungi)
presumptive tests
gram stain and acid fast stain
shapes of cocco and bacilli
circle and rectangular
Organisms that grow in the absence of free oxygen are termed
anaerobes
an organism able to live and reproduce only in the presence of free oxygen
aerobes
we use these to isolate and identify bacteria
culture media and biochemical tests
isolation of bacteria is also termed as
cultivation
ast
antimcrobial susceptibility testing
free of lide of every kind
sterile
process of complete removal or destruction of all forms of
microbial life which may be affected by physical or chemical means
sterilization
having the property of inhibiting bacterial growth or
multiplication
bacteriostatic
principle heat and pressure sterilization (autoclave)
121 degrees celcius
15 pounds pressure
15-40 minutes
having the property killing or destroying bacteria.
bacteriocidal
chemical or physical agent, usually broad spectrum, that
inactivates microorganisms
biocides
Chemical biocides
hydrogen peroxide, alcohols, bleach, cycloheximide and
phenols
Physcial biocides
Heat, Freezing and radiation
narrower range of antimicrobial activity.
anti infectives
process of killing or removing microorganisms on
inanimate surfaces thru the use of chemical agents.
disinfection
a chemical substance used to kill infection
producing microorganisms on surfaces but too toxic to be applied directly to
tissues.
disinfectant or germicide
a chemical substance which opposes sepsis or
putrefaction either by killing microorganisms or by preventing their growth;
applied topically to living tissues.
antiseptic
characterized by the presence of pathogenic microbes in
living tissue or associated fluids
septic
characterized by the absence of pathogenic microbes
aseptic
the temperature which in a given time destroys all the
bacteria present.
thermal death point
minimum time required to kill a suspension of organism at
a given temperature in a specified environment.
thermal death time
refers to the time in minutes to reduce the bacterial
population or spores by 90% at a specified temperature. It is widely used in food
industry.
death reduction time
the prevention of multiplication of microorganisms in
formulated products, including pharmaceuticals and foods.
preservation
naturally occurring and synthetically derived organic
compounds that inhibit or destroy selective bacteria, generally at low concentrations. Chemical produced by a microorganism that inhibits the growth oof
other microorganisms
antibiotics
an organism that does not usually cause a disease in a
person with an intact immune system BUT CAN CAUSE DISEASE WHEN THE
HOST’S IMMUNE SYSTEM HAS BEEN COMPROMISED BY DISEASE OR
ANOTHER CONDITION THAT HAS DAMAGED OR CHANGED THE IMMUNE
STATUS
opportunistic pathogens
infections that patients acquire during a course of
treatment in a healthcare facility.
hospital acquired infection/ nosocomial infection
acquired by persons not hospitalized within the last year
or persons who have not had a medical procedure such as dialysis or
catheterization. These are usually skin infections such a boils or abscess.
community acquired infections
rod shaped organisms
bacilli
spherical or round organisms
cocci
-Bacilli with tapered, pointed ends
FUSIFORM
no cell wall
PLEIOMORPHIC
PLEIOMORPHIC bacterias
myoplasma and ureaplasma
spiral shaped
SPIROCHETES
3 spirochetes
borrelia, leptospira, Treponema
the arrangement of bacteria is affected by:
Plane of division
Position taken after cell division
PAIRS,diplococci
Neisseria
chains
streptococci
GRAPELIKE CLUSTERS-______________________
staphylococci
GROUPS OF FOUR/ TETRADS-
peptococci
PACKETS OF EIGHT/CUBOIDAL-
sarcine
PALISADES(Slipping) –organisms tend to place
themselves side by side
CHINESE CHARACTER(Snapping)- organisms tend to bend
* at the point of division
corynebacterium
gram positive cocci aerobes
staphy
strepto
micro
gram positive cocci anaerobes
pepto
sarcinae
gram negative cocci aerobes
neifseria
moraxella
gram negative cocci anaerobe
veilonella
gram positive bacili aerobe
bacillus
corynebacterium
listerio
nocardia
gram positive bacili anaerobe
clostridium
actinomycetes
gram negative bacilli aerobe
escherichia
kleosiella
enterobacter
salmonella
shigella
serratia
gram negative bacilli anaerobe
bacteroides
fusobacterium
contains nutrients and physical growth parameters necessary
for microbial growth.
Culture Media
Alkaline Peptone broth
vibrio spp.
Ashdown medium
burkholderia pseudonalle
BCYE agar buffered charcoal yeast extract
legionella
bismuth sulfite agar
salmonella typhi
Bordet Gengou agar
bordetella pertussis
CIN agar cefsulodin irgasan novobiocin agar
Yersinia spp aeromonas spp.
Cetrimide agar
pseudomonas aeruginosa
CAP chocolate agar plate
haemophilus neisseria spp.
CNA Columbia Nolidixic Agar
gram positive cocci
CCFA
clostridium difficile
Czapek’s agar
nocardia asteroides
Dieudonne’s medium
vibrio cholerae
Dubos Oleic Agar
mycobacterium tubercolosis
Hektoen enteric agar
salmonella spp. shigella spp.
Lowenstein Jensen
corynebacterium diphteriae
MacConkey agar
escherichia coli
MacConkey sorbitol
E coli 0157:H7
Martin Lewis agar
Neisseria gonorhoeae
Mueller Hinton agar
AST
Regan Lowe
bordetella pertussis
Skirrow
campylobacter
Thayer martin agar
Neisseria gonorhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis
Todd Hewitt Broth
streptococcus agalactiae
Blood agar plate
determination of hemolitic reactions of streptococci spp.
can reveal the vital information necessary for
accurately identifying the genera of various bacteria within a sample.
Biochemical reactions
differentiate staphy to strepto
catalase test
catalase test reagent
hydrogen peroxide
to differentiate staphy spp.
coagulase test
test to see if bacteria can produce dna and urea
DNase test and Urease test
