History in a Global Context Flashcards
Father of medicine
Hippocrates
Four Humors
Blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile
other term for listening to the lungs
auscultation
s/s
signs and symptoms
objective to the doctor / can be seen
signs
subjective to the patient / can only be felt
symptoms
What oath did hippocrates make?
Hippocratic Oath
Old method of testing urine
uroscopy
the source of a person’s dispostition and diesease in ancient times
humoral pathology
used as marker for diagnosis
urine
new method for testing urine
urinalysis
3 ways of checking urine
physical, chemical, microscopic
excessive urination
polyuria
four diseases when excessively urinating
diabetes, kidney failure, bladder infection, kidney stones
Hindu physicians contribution
Sweet taste of diabetic urine
Greeks contribution
observation of ants attraction to diabetic urine
Chinese contribution
immunization to smallpox
protection against infectious agents
immunity
VZV causing chicken pox meaning
Varicella Zoster Virus
Romans Contribution
scalpels, scapula, forceps, surgical needles
India contribution
Toxicology, distillation, seperation of minerals
Early Egyptians
Healthiest man by herodotus
Foreign substance
antigen
protection against foreign substance
antibody
a weakened, affenuated,or dead antigen injected to the body
vaccine
Types of immunity
Adaptive/ Acquired, Innate/Activated
5 types of white bloods cells
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
2 types of adaptive immunity
active and passive
Antigen to the body is what kind of immunity
active
Antibody to the body is what kind of immunity
passive
Medical Lab practices in the 16-18th century
advancements in technology
Development, Discovery, Invention of the microscope, Outbreak of cholerae
Bacteria causing cholerae
Vibrio Cholerae
Invention of the microscope by
Zacharias Janssen
who discovered the Outbreak of cholera
Jon Snow
Used microscope to investigate the causes of dxs (diseases)
Athanasius Kircher
Published micrographia
Robert Hooke
Developed the gravimetric analysis of urine
Jean Baptiste van Helmont
Described protein in urine
Frederick Dekkers
high levels of protein in urine
Proteinuria
Performed the 1st blood transfusion in animals
Richard Lower
Described the process of coagulation
William Hewson
Developed the yeast test for sugar in diabetic urine
Francis Home
Identified sugar in the blood and urine of diabetics
Matthew Dobson
traces the beginning of Medical Technology
Vivian Herrick
believes that Medical Technology began when a book of treatment of disease was published which also contained the three stages of hookworm infectio
Ebers Papyrus
Medical Technology began from medieval period
Ruth Williams
made the scientific observation that the urine of individuals attracted ants and what such urine has sweetish taste
Early Hindu doctors
roundworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
whipworm
Trichuris Trichuria
Hookworms
Ancylostoma Duodenale and Necator Americanus
threadworm
Strongyloides Stercoralis
Sitworm
Enterobius Vermicularis