Clinical Chemistry Flashcards
clinical chemistry is also known
clinical biochemistry, chemical pathology, medical biochemistry, or pure blood chemistry
are of pathology that is concerned with the quantitative analysis of substances found in the blood or serum
clinical chemistry
which other fluids are also analyzed in clinical chemistry
urine, spinal fluid, and pleural fluid
substance for which analyses are performed
analyte
groups of individual tests are called
panels
provides a broad database, demonstrating multisystemic involvements
panels
most tested body fluid
serum or plasma
how many kinds of test does large laboratories accept
up to 700
study of hormones
endocrinology
study of immune system and antibodies
immunology
study of drugs
pharmacology or toxicology
what solutes are found in the liquid portion of the blood that is responsible for 5% of its composition
proteins, carbohydrates, hormones, vitamins, enzymes, electrolytes
state of the art fully automated facility and also busiest
clinical chemistry
duties or tests performed in clinical laboratory
Fasting Blood Sugar
HBA1c
Lipid Profile
TAG
BUA
Creatinine
Total Protein
Albumin: Globulin ratio
Electrolytes
Clinical Enzymology
TSH, T3 and T4
Estrogen, Prolactin, Testerone
used to detect diabetes, measures glucose and the patient must have undergone fasting
Fasting Blood Sugar
HBA1c is also known as
glycosylated hemoglobin
measure glucose levels for the past 3 months
HBA1c
what do we measure in Lipid Profile
Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein, Very Low Density Lipoprotein, High Density Lipoprotein
TAG stands for
triglycerides
BUA stands for
Blood Uric Acid
BUN stands for
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine tests
creatine
Electrolytes
Na, K+, Cl-
clinical enzymology tests
enzymes
hormones tested in clinical chem
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Triodo Thyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Estrogen, Prolactin, Testosterone
3 principles in automation
Continous Flow Analyzer
Discrete Analysis
Centrifugal Analysis
in continous flow analyzers, samples flow through what?
a common vessel/pathway
in continous flow analyzers, liquids are pumped through a system of
continous tubing
in continous flow analyzers, this serves as seperating and cleansing media
air bubbles
in discrete analysis, each sample reagent mixture is handled seperately in its?
own vessel
in discrete analysis, it uses a variety of what to aspirate and dispense 2-6 microliters of samples and reagents
syringe pipettes
discrete analysis is capable of running
multiple tests one sample at a time
in centrifugal analysis, which force is used
centrifugation
centrifugal analysis is used to?
transfer specimen and reagents
major advantage of centrifuge
batch analysis
kinds of centrifuges
horizontal, angle head, cytocentrifuge, ultracentrifuge
most commonly used centrifuge used in clinical chemistry
horizontal and angle head
swinging bucket centrifuge
horizontal
fixed angle centrifuge
angle head
concentrates cells in body fluids
cytocentrifuge
seperate liproteins
ultracentrifuge
Water Reagents
Type I,II,III
Type I water reagents is also known as
highest purity or ultrapure water
Type II water reagents is used in?
Clinical Chem, Microbio, Blood bank, serology
Type 3 is used in?
urinalysis and fecalysis, parasit and histopath
Carbohydrates empiric formula
CH2O
Major source of energy and storage of energy
glucose or glycogen
carbs that are the components of cell membranes
glycoproteins
examples of carbs that are structural components of plants, bacteria and insects
chitin, cellulose
Classifications of carbs
Mono, Disa, Oligo, Polysaccharides
Simplest form of carbs
Monosaccharides
examples of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
2 sugar units bonded by? and what do you call them
glycoside bond, disaccharides
examples of disaccharides
sucrose lactose maltose
how many sugar units are in oligosaccharides
3-10 sugar units
more than 10 sugar units
polysaccharides
examples of polysaccharides
starch glycogen and cellulose
pathways of glucose metabolism
glycolysis
glucogenesis
glycogenolysis
glycogenesis
lipogenesis
lipilysis
2-3 carbon compund that generates energy, a cytoplasmic pathway which breaks down glucose into two three-carbon compounds and generates energy (atp)
glycolysis
which enzyme helps in glycolysis
hexokinase
formation of glucose from non carbs sources
gluconeogenesis