Equipments and Materials Flashcards
employs two separate lens systems, objective, and eyepiece, the product of which produces the final magnification.
compound microscope
Red band which objective
Scanner (4x)
Yellow band objective
LPO
Blue band objective
HPO
White/Black Band Objective
OIO
how many magnification does the eyepiece have?
10x
used to adjust the lateral separation of the eyepieces of each individual.
If properly adjusted, you can visualize one clear image
Interpupillary control
Connects the eyepieces with the objective lens.
Standard length =160 mm
Optical Tube
Provides a structural site attachment for the revolving nosepiece.
Neck or arm
main vertical support. The stand supports the stage, condenser, and base.
Stand
Holds the objectives and allows easy rotation from one objective lens to another.
Revolving Nose PIece
supports the microscope slide to be reviewed.
Clips/spring secures the slide.
Stage
can be incorporated into one knob or two separate controls.
Focus Controls
moving it in one direction engages the coarse control, whereas it in the opposite direction engages the fine control.
Single knob in use
consists of several lenses in a unit, may be permanently mounted or vertically adjustable.
It gathers, organizes, and directs the light through the specimen.
Condenser
under the stage; moves along the x- or y-axis.
Stage controls
located below the condenser within the base. When it is open, it allows a maximally sized circle of light to illuminate the slide.
Field diaphragm
Slice thin samples
Microtome
Paldwell Trefall; simplest microtome
Rocking Microtome
Minot; most common microtome
Rotary
Adams; dangerous microtome
Sliding
Queckett; Freezing section microtome
Freezing
Used to store blood
BLOOD BAG
Primary blood bag….
contains the whole bag; undergoes centrifugation
Second blood bag stores
plasma
Third blood bag stores
Buffy Coat
Used to identify blood types
Blood typing sera
Meaning of sera
Serum
discovered ABO blood group system
Karl Landsteiner
what do you call the Antibody(Blood typing sera)
-Antibodies can be found in serum and plasma
-Sample is white blood or RBC
Reagent
what do you call the Antigen in blood
Check/Detect
Blood typing sera color
Anti A - Blue
Anti B - Yellow
Anti D - White
A person does not have an antibody to his own antigen.
Each person has an antibody to the antigen he or she lacks.
Antigen is located around RBC
Antibody naturally occurring
what rule
Landsteiner rules
recite all the antibodies and antigens of each blood type
A= Aag Anti-B
B= Bag Anti-A
O= Anti A + B
AB= Aag + Bag
When an antigen binds an antibody, what occurs?
agglutination
Used to puncture the skin
Lancet
Used for pediatric patients, newborns, and senile/elders with fragile veins.
Capillary tube
is the standard equipment used for routine venipuncture It consists of a needle device, a tube holder or adapter, and an air-evacuated tube.
EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM
which anticoagulant is present in yellow tubes
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) – bacterial culture
Light Blue tubes, anticoagulant
Sodium Nitrate (coagulation studies/test
Green tubes, anticoagulant
Heparin (blood gas/ pH analysis)
Lavender tubes, anticoagulant
EDTA (Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) – FOR CBC
Gray Tubes, anti coagulant
Sodium Fluoride – glucose testing.
NO coagulant tubes
red and gold
has clot activators tube
gold
the liquid portion of unclotted blood or with an anticoagulant.
plasma
the liquid portion of clotted blood
serum
is a hollow needle commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body or extract fluids from it
HYPODERMIC NEEDLE AND SYRINGE
color from lowest gauge number to highest
Pink, Brown/Ivory, Yellow, Green, Black, Blue-green/Blue
are used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level
Used in histopathology, hematology and microbiology/bacteriology section
Staining Dyes
organic compound use for staining
stain
the coloring agent
dye
3 types of stain
Simple, Differential, Special
Gram stain components:
Crystal Violet – primary stain
Gram iodine – mordant
Alcohol – decolorizer
Safranin – secondary stain (pink/red)
used to differentiate gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria
differential stain
is a device that is used to apply pressure to a limb or extremity in order to limit -but not stop- the flow of blood
Tourniquet
diameters of a tourniquet
Should be 18-20 in. long; 1-inch wide
Dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it - is placed in the urine to detect abnormalities
Used in clinical microscopy
Urine dipstick
gives the relative percentage of each type of white blood cell and also helps to reveal abnormal white blood cell populations
Used in hematology
DIFFERENTIAL COUNTER OR COULTER COUNTER
