Microbiology Flashcards
Define a UTI
- presence of microorganisms in the urinary tract
- causing clinical infection
Where do Lower UTI affect
- bladder
Where do upper UTI affect
- ureters
- kidney
Bacteriuria?
- bacteria present in urine
- doesn’t always mean infection
Lower end of urethra is colonised by?
- bacteria
- coliforms
- enterococci
Why are females at higher risk of UTI
- Shorter urethra
Route of infection of UTI?
- Ascending routes
- haematogenous route
Most common coliform that can cause UTI
- E.coli
Explain E.coli
- Gram negative
- bacilli
Name some e.coli virulence factors
- endotoxin
- fimbriae
- o antigen
Foul smelling urine bacteria?
- proteus
- produces urease
What bacteria may cause kidney stones?
- proteus
- salt precipitation
What is the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginoasa
- ciprofloxacin
Honeymoon UTI?
- S. saprophyticus
Symptoms of UTI
- Dysuria
- frequency
- haematuria
- fever
- loin pain
Nitrates on dipstick may be due to?
- bacteria
Do not dip stick elderly urine?
True or false
- true
Treatment time of antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI in males and females?
- females = 3 days
- males = 7days
Antibiotic of choice for uncomplicated UTI
- Trimethoprim
- nitrofurantoin (lower UTI)
Treatment time in a UTI in catheter time?
- 7 days
Should you take a sample of urine from Catheter in suspected UTI
- no
- clinical diagnosis
Treatment of a complicated UTI or pyonephritis in community
- co-amoxiclav
- 7 days
Treatment of complicated UTI or pyelonephritis in hospital?
- amoxicillin and gentamicin
- 7 days
How is gentamicin given?
- IV in hospital
- 3 days max
